Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis
Musculoskeletal system
Pediatric musculoskeletal conditions
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Transient synovitis
Osgood-Schlatter disease (traction apophysitis)
Musculoskeletal injuries and trauma
Rotator cuff tear
Dislocated shoulder
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Winged scapula
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar claw
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Iliotibial band syndrome
Unhappy triad
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Patellar tendon rupture
Meniscus tear
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Sprained ankle
Achilles tendon rupture
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Degenerative disc disease
Spinal disc herniation
Sciatica
Compartment syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Bone disorders
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Craniosynostosis
Pectus excavatum
Arthrogryposis
Genu valgum
Genu varum
Pigeon toe
Flat feet
Club foot
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Achondroplasia
Osteomyelitis
Bone tumors
Osteochondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia and rickets
Osteopetrosis
Paget disease of bone
Osteosclerosis
Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis
Joint disorders
Osteoarthritis
Spondylosis
Spinal stenosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Gout
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout)
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Spondylitis
Septic arthritis
Bursitis
Baker cyst
Muscular disorders
Muscular dystrophy
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Inclusion body myopathy
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Fibromyalgia
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Neuromuscular junction disorders
Myasthenia gravis
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Other autoimmune disorders
Sjogren syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Mixed connective tissue disease
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Raynaud phenomenon
Scleroderma
Limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)
Musculoskeletal system pathology review
Back pain: Pathology review
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review
Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review
Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Bone tumors: Pathology review
Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
Assessments
Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis
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USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
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Reproduced from: Radiopedia
Which of the following additional findings, if present, would best support the patient’s diagnosis?
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
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First Aid
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Acetaminophen p. 498
for osteoarthritis p. 476
Chondrocytes
osteoarthritis p. 476
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) p. 499
osteoarthritis p. 476
Obesity
osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis p. 476
Osteoarthritis p. 476
celecoxib for p. 499
presentation p. 718
External Links
Transcript
Content Reviewers
Rishi Desai, MD, MPHContributors
Tanner Marshall, MS
Osteo- means “bone”, and -arth- refers to “arthron” which means joint, and -itis means “inflammation”, so osteoarthritis is a disease involving inflammation of the bone and joint cartilage.
It was once thought that the “itis” part of osteoarthritis was a misnomer, and that inflammation didn’t play a role in its development, and that it was mostly a degenerative disease resulting from simple “wear and tear”.
Nowadays, it’s thought that inflammation does indeed play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis.
Alright, so a healthy joint consists of two bones, each with its own layer of articular cartilage, which is a type of connective tissue that allows the two bones to glide against each other essentially without friction.
With Osteoarthritis, we’re really talking about one particular kind of joint which is a synovial joint.
Along with articular cartilage, another important component of synovial joints, and where they get their name from, is the synovium, which along with the surface of the articular cartilage, forms the inner lining of the joint space.
The synovium’s composed of loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and on the surface—”Type A” cells that clear cellular debris and “Type B” cells that produce components of synovial fluid, which helps lubricate the two articular surfaces.
One of the main issues in osteoarthritis is the progressive loss of this articular cartilage, which means there’s not much separating the two bones anymore, which adds a significant amount of friction between them, which then generates inflammation, and triggers pain through the nerve endings in this joint space.
Maintaining healthy articular cartilage is the chondrocyte’s job, a specialized cell responsible for maintaining everything cartilage-related.
Summary
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease usually caused by age-related breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. This leads to stiffness and pain in weight-bearing joints that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Other symptoms of osteoarthritis include a grinding sensation when the joint is moved, and difficulty moving the affected joint. Risk factors for developing osteoarthritis include advancing age, obesity, and joint injury. Treatment involves losing weight, moderate exercise, physical therapy, and drugs to reduce pain and inflammation.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Osteoarthritis" The Lancet (2015)
- "OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis" Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2014)
- "The Mechanobiology of Articular Cartilage: Bearing the Burden of Osteoarthritis" Current Rheumatology Reports (2014)
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