Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
65,302views
00:00 / 00:00
Videos
Notes
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
ETP Cardiovascular System
Playlist
Introduction to the cardiovascular system
Anatomy of the heart
Anatomy of the coronary circulation
Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart
Anatomy of the superior mediastinum
Anatomy of the inferior mediastinum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Development of the cardiovascular system
Fetal circulation
Cardiac muscle histology
Artery and vein histology
Arteriole, venule and capillary histology
Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
Lymphatic system anatomy and physiology
Coronary circulation
Blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance
Pressures in the cardiovascular system
Laminar flow and Reynolds number
Resistance to blood flow
Compliance of blood vessels
Control of blood flow circulation
Microcirculation and Starling forces
Measuring cardiac output (Fick principle)
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output
Cardiac contractility
Frank-Starling relationship
Cardiac preload
Cardiac afterload
Law of Laplace
Cardiac and vascular function curves
Altering cardiac and vascular function curves
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac work
Pressure-volume loops
Changes in pressure-volume loops
Physiological changes during exercise
Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
Cardiovascular changes during postural change
Normal heart sounds
Abnormal heart sounds
Action potentials in myocytes
Action potentials in pacemaker cells
Excitability and refractory periods
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Electrical conduction in the heart
Cardiac conduction velocity
ECG basics
ECG rate and rhythm
ECG intervals
ECG QRS transition
ECG axis
ECG normal sinus rhythm
ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia
ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Arterial disease
Angina pectoris
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Myocardial infarction
Prinzmetal angina
Coronary steal syndrome
Peripheral artery disease
Subclavian steal syndrome
Aneurysms
Aortic dissection
Vasculitis
Behcet's disease
Kawasaki disease
Hypertension
Hypertensive emergency
Renal artery stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperlipidemia
Chronic venous insufficiency
Thrombophlebitis
Deep vein thrombosis
Lymphedema
Lymphangioma
Shock
Vascular tumors
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Angiosarcomas
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great vessels
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Tetralogy of Fallot
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Premature atrial contraction
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Ventricular tachycardia
Brugada syndrome
Premature ventricular contraction
Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrioventricular block
Bundle branch block
Pulseless electrical activity
Tricuspid valve disease
Pulmonary valve disease
Mitral valve disease
Aortic valve disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Heart failure
Cor pulmonale
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Pericarditis and pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
Dressler syndrome
Cardiac tumors
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists
Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
cGMP mediated smooth muscle vasodilators
Class I antiarrhythmics: Sodium channel blockers
Class II antiarrhythmics: Beta blockers
Class III antiarrhythmics: Potassium channel blockers
Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers and others
Lipid-lowering medications: Statins
Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
Positive inotropic medications
Cardiomyopathies: Clinical (To be retired)
Congenital heart defects: Clinical (To be retired)
Valvular heart disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Infective endocarditis: Clinical (To be retired)
Pericardial disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Chest trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypertension: Clinical (To be retired)
Pulmonary hypertension
Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical (To be retired)
Raynaud phenomenon
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Heart failure: Clinical (To be retired)
Coronary artery disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Fascia, vessels and nerves of the upper limb
Vessels and nerves of the forearm
Blood vessels and nerves of the hand
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Blood supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut
Fascia, vessels, and nerves of the lower limb
Vessels and nerves of the gluteal region and posterior thigh
Anatomy of the popliteal fossa
Ventilation
Ventilation-perfusion ratios and V/Q mismatch
Gas exchange in the lungs, blood and tissues
Oxygen binding capacity and oxygen content
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Carbon dioxide transport in blood
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
Yellow fever virus
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Arteriovenous malformation
Cerebral circulation
Assessments
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
USMLE® Step 2 questions
0 / 7 complete
Questions
USMLE® Step 2 style questions USMLE
of complete
Transcript
Content Reviewers
Rishi Desai, MD, MPHPeripheral vascular disease is an abnormal narrowing of arteries other than the ones that supply the heart or brain, and it most often affects the ones in the legs.
Risk factors include being older than 60 years, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
The most common underlying mechanism of peripheral artery disease is atherosclerosis, which results in the accumulation of lipid and fibrous material between the layers of the arterial wall.
Eventually, the affected artery becomes progressively narrower, and this may lead to pain, ulceration, and even gangrene.
Now, most people with peripheral vascular disease actually don’t have symptoms until occlusion becomes significant, which is when 70% of the vessel lumen is obstructed.
Symptoms include intermittent claudication, which includes pain, numbness, or tiredness in the legs during walking or standing, and is relieved by rest.
This is because the blood supply may be enough to meet the muscle needs at rest, but not the increased needs during activity, leading to ischemia – so basically, occurs when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply.
The perceived level of symptoms from intermittent claudication can be mild to extremely severe depending on the degree of blood supply.
Intermittent claudication can present unilaterally or bilaterally, as buttock and hip, thigh, calf, or foot pain, singly or in combination.
In addition, pulses in one or both groins are diminished, and bilateral aortoiliac disease that is severe enough almost always causes erectile dysfunction.
The triad of intermittent claudication, absent or diminished femoral pulses, and erectile dysfunction is known as Leriche syndrome.
Location of pain depends upon the artery involved. Lower aorta or iliac artery involvement causes pain in the hips and buttocks.
Iliac or common femoral artery involvement causes pain in the thigh.
Summary
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a group of diseases that affect the circulation in the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain. PVD can cause the blood vessels to get narrowed or blocked, leading to poor circulation and possible ischemia of the affected body parts. Symptoms depend on the affected organ and may include leg pain, cramping, and fatigue. It is commonly associated with smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Treatment options for PVD include lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, except certain content provided by third parties
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.
