Platelet disorders: Pathology review
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Platelet disorders: Pathology review
Pathology
Anemias
Iron deficiency anemia
Beta-thalassemia
Alpha-thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Lead poisoning
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Sickle cell disease (NORD)
Hereditary spherocytosis
Anemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Folate (Vitamin B9) deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Fanconi anemia
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Heme synthesis disorders
Acute intermittent porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Lead poisoning
Coagulation disorders
Hemophilia
Vitamin K deficiency
Platelet disorders
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders
Von Willebrand disease
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability)
Antithrombin III deficiency
Factor V Leiden
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Lymphomas
Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Leukemias
Chronic leukemia
Acute leukemia
Leukemoid reaction
Leukemoid reaction
Dysplastic and proliferative disorders
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Polycythemia vera (NORD)
Myelofibrosis (NORD)
Essential thrombocythemia (NORD)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Mastocytosis (NORD)
Plasma cell dyscrasias
Multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Hematological system pathology review
Microcytic anemia: Pathology review
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review
Heme synthesis disorders: Pathology review
Coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Platelet disorders: Pathology review
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability): Pathology review
Lymphomas: Pathology review
Leukemias: Pathology review
Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review
Myeloproliferative disorders: Pathology review
Assessments
Platelet disorders: Pathology review
USMLE® Step 1 questions
0 / 8 complete
Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
of complete
| Laboratory value | Result |
| Hematologic | |
| Hemoglobin | 12 g/dL |
| Hematocrit | 40% |
| Platelet count | 95,000/mm3 |
| Leukocyte count | 9,000/mm3 |
| Coagulation studies | |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | 12 seconds |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) | 29 seconds |
| Bleeding time* | 15 minutes |
Which of the following conditions is the patient at greatest risk of developing?
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
Transcript
Content Reviewers
Yifan Xiao, MDContributors
Robyn Hughes, MScBMC
Maria Emfietzoglou, MD
Alex Aranda
Tanner Marshall, MS
At the family medicine center, a mother came in with her 5 year old child, Alana.
Several days ago, Alana developed bloody diarrhea after eating undercooked ground beef and her mother noticed her face was pale and she only urinated once in the past 12 hours.
Next to her, there’s a 30 year old person named Danika, who came in complaining of increased bruising for the past several months.
She has no other symptoms and physical examination shows multiple ecchymoses on the extremities.
Both Alana and Danika are suffering from a hemostasis disorder.
Hemostasis disorders, also known as bleeding disorders, can be broadly divided into three groups.
The first includes problems with primary hemostasis, which is when there’s a problem forming the initial platelet plug, and so, they’re referred to as platelet disorders.
Now, the second group includes problems with secondary hemostasis, which is making a strong fibrin clot through activation of the intrinsic, extrinsic and common coagulation pathways, and are also known as coagulation disorders.
And the last group includes disorders that affect both primary and secondary hemostasis and are known as mixed platelet and coagulation disorders.
For this video, let’s focus on the platelet disorders.
These can be further subdivided into two categories. In the first category, there’s thrombocytopenia, which is defined as a platelet count below 150,000 per microliter, with the normal range being between 150,000 and 450,000.
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by increased platelet destruction, which can be immune-mediated, like in heparin induced thrombocytopenia, or HIT, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, or ITP.
Other cases can be non-immune mediated, like thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, or TTP, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or HUS.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Williams Hematology, Eighth Edition" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2010)
- "Heparin induced thrombocytopenia: diagnosis and management update" Postgraduate Medical Journal (2007)
- "The management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia" British Journal of Haematology (2006)
- "Management of Adult Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura" Annual Review of Medicine (2005)
- "ABC of clinical haematology: Platelet disorders" BMJ (1997)
- "Syndromes of Thrombotic Microangiopathy" Medical Clinics of North America (2017)
- "Thrombotic Microangiopathies" New England Journal of Medicine (2002)
- "Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: New Developments in Pathogenesis and Treatment" International Journal of Nephrology (2011)
- "Glanzmann thrombasthenia: a review of ITGA2B and ITGB3 defects with emphasis on variants, phenotypic variability, and mouse models" Blood (2011)
- "Amelioration of the macrothrombocytopenia associated with the murine Bernard-Soulier syndrome" Blood (2002)
- "Platelet Dysfunction in Renal Failure" Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis (2004)
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