Serotonin syndrome

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Serotonin syndrome

Psychiatry

Psychiatry

Mood disorders: Clinical
Anxiety disorders: Clinical
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Clinical
Dissociative disorders: Clinical
Eating disorders: Clinical
Obsessive compulsive disorders: Clinical
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders: Clinical
Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders: Clinical
Personality disorders: Clinical
Sleep disorders: Clinical
Somatic symptom disorders: Clinical
Sexual dysfunctions: Clinical
Paraphilic disorders: Clinical
Dementia and delirium: Clinical
Toxidromes: Clinical
Medication overdoses and toxicities: Pathology review
Environmental and chemical toxicities: Pathology review
Substance misuse and addiction: Clinical
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens: Pathology review
Psychiatric emergencies: Pathology review
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Stimulants: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Alcohol: Pathology review
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Atypical antidepressants
Typical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics
Lithium
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Psychomotor stimulants
Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists
Opioid antagonists
ADHD: Information for patients and families (The Primary School)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Clinical
Major depressive disorder
Suicide
Bipolar and related disorders
Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Body focused repetitive disorders
Body dysmorphic disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Physical and sexual abuse
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
Delusional disorder
Schizophrenia
Delirium
Amnesia
Dissociative disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Cluster A personality disorders
Cluster B personality disorders
Cluster C personality disorders
Somatic symptom disorder
Factitious disorder
Tobacco dependence
Opioid dependence
Cannabis dependence
Cocaine dependence
Alcohol use disorder
Bruxism
Nocturnal enuresis
Insomnia
Night terrors
Narcolepsy (NORD)
Erectile dysfunction
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Orgasmic dysfunction
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder
Disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders
Learning disability
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Tourette syndrome
Rett syndrome
Shaken baby syndrome
Enuresis
Encopresis
Serotonin syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Mood disorders: Pathology review
Amnesia, dissociative disorders and delirium: Pathology review
Personality disorders: Pathology review
Eating disorders: Pathology review
Psychological sleep disorders: Pathology review
Malingering, factitious disorders and somatoform disorders: Pathology review
Trauma- and stress-related disorders: Pathology review
Developmental and learning disorders: Pathology review
Childhood and early-onset psychological disorders: Pathology review
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia
Dementia: Pathology review
Alzheimer disease

Assessments

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High Yield Notes

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Flashcards

Serotonin syndrome

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Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

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A 55-year-old woman comes to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation of recurrent left flank pain and vomiting. She has a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis and recently noticed gross blood in her urine. Medical history is notable for obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, depression, and type II diabetes mellitus. The patient has been taking ondansetron at home for nausea as well as losartan, metformin, rosuvastatin, and sertraline for her other medical conditions. On physical exam, the patient has left costovertebral angle tenderness. Blood is detected on urinalysis. The patient's symptoms are well controlled during the ED visit, and she is subsequently discharged with prescription analgesia, additional antiemetics, and urology follow-up. Three days later, the patient is brought back to the ED altered, diaphoretic, and agitated. Temperature is 39.4°C (103°F), pulse is 122/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 184/95 mmHg. She has bilateral mydriasis and myoclonus. Which of the following medications was the most likely precipitant of this patient's clinical presentation?

External References

First Aid

2024

2023

2022

2021

Autonomic nervous system

in serotonin syndrome p. 586

Serotonin syndrome p. 407, 562, 568, 587

dextromethorphan p. 705

MAO inhibitors p. 593

MDMA p. 589

oxazolidinones p. 190

Summary

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is an excess of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, leading to a dangerous increase in nerve cell activity. Serotonin syndrome can occur as a result of taking certain medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or taking a combination of medications that increase serotonin levels. Symptoms include agitation, confusion, muscle rigidity and hyperreflexia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, diaphoresis, and tachypnea. Treatment may include discontinuing the culprit drug, supportive management, and providing cyproheptadine.