Sodium homeostasis

Sodium homeostasis refers to the regulation of sodium levels in the body. Sodium is an important electrolyte mainly found in extracellular fluid, which helps maintain fluid balance, blood pressure, nerve impulse conduction, and muscle contraction. The body regulates sodium levels through hormones that control the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, as well as through thirst mechanisms. Factors that stimulate sodium reabsorption include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ADH, and the sympathetic nervous system. Factors that stimulate sodium excretion include PTH, and peptides like ANP. An imbalance in sodium levels can lead to health problems such as edema, hyponatremia, and hypernatremia.