Spinal stenosis

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Spinal stenosis

Pathology

Pediatric musculoskeletal conditions

Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Transient synovitis

Osgood-Schlatter disease (traction apophysitis)

Musculoskeletal injuries and trauma

Rotator cuff tear

Dislocated shoulder

Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)

Winged scapula

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Ulnar claw

Erb-Duchenne palsy

Klumpke paralysis

Iliotibial band syndrome

Unhappy triad

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

Patellar tendon rupture

Meniscus tear

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Sprained ankle

Achilles tendon rupture

Spondylolysis

Spondylolisthesis

Degenerative disc disease

Spinal disc herniation

Sciatica

Compartment syndrome

Rhabdomyolysis

Bone disorders

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Craniosynostosis

Pectus excavatum

Arthrogryposis

Genu valgum

Genu varum

Pigeon toe

Flat feet

Club foot

Cleidocranial dysplasia

Achondroplasia

Osteomyelitis

Bone tumors

Osteochondroma

Chondrosarcoma

Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia and rickets

Osteopetrosis

Paget disease of bone

Osteosclerosis

Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis

Joint disorders

Osteoarthritis

Spondylosis

Spinal stenosis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Gout

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout)

Psoriatic arthritis

Ankylosing spondylitis

Reactive arthritis

Spondylitis

Septic arthritis

Bursitis

Baker cyst

Muscular disorders

Muscular dystrophy

Polymyositis

Dermatomyositis

Inclusion body myopathy

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Fibromyalgia

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Neuromuscular junction disorders

Myasthenia gravis

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

Other autoimmune disorders

Sjogren syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Mixed connective tissue disease

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Raynaud phenomenon

Scleroderma

Limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)

Musculoskeletal system pathology review

Back pain: Pathology review

Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review

Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review

Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review

Scleroderma: Pathology review

Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review

Bone disorders: Pathology review

Bone tumors: Pathology review

Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review

Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review

Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review

Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders: Pathology review

Assessments

Spinal stenosis

Flashcards

0 / 8 complete

USMLE® Step 1 questions

0 / 2 complete

High Yield Notes

15 pages

Flashcards

Spinal stenosis

of complete

Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

of complete

A 35-year-old man comes to the clinic due to back pain. Upon entering the clinic, the patient is observed to be limping and appears in pain. He discloses back pain for the past few months that has been progressively worsening. Two days ago, he felt severe pain while lifting a box at home. The patient now describes the pain as dull, 7/10 in severity, which worsens with movement and radiates to the left thigh. He has noticed numbness in the perianal region while using the toilet. Vitals are within normal limits. On physical examination, focal tenderness is noticed over the lumbar and paraspinal area. There is a loss of sensation around the perianal area but a normal anal sphincter tone. Knee jerk reflex is normal but the ankle reflex is absent on the left. Strength is 5/5 on the right and 4/5 in the left gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles. Which of the following features will prompt the need for emergent imaging?

Summary

Spinal stenosis is a medical condition in which there is an abnormal narrowing (stenosis) of the spinal canal, which may occur in any of the regions of the spine. This narrowing causes a restriction to the spinal canal, resulting in a neurological deficit. The most common cause of spinal stenosis is age-related changes in the spine, such as degenerative changes in the discs and bones that make up the spinal column. Other causes include arthritis, spinal tumors, and genetic conditions that affect the development of the spine.

Symptoms include pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and loss of motor control. The location of the stenosis determines which area of the body is affected. There are several types of spinal stenosis, with lumbar stenosis and cervical stenosis being the most frequent. While lumbar spinal stenosis is more common, cervical spinal stenosis is more dangerous because it involves compression of the spinal cord whereas lumbar spinal stenosis involves compression of the cauda equina. Treatment for spinal stenosis can include pain medications, physical therapy, and in more severe cases, surgery.

Elsevier

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