Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Pathology
Pediatric musculoskeletal conditions
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Transient synovitis
Osgood-Schlatter disease (traction apophysitis)
Musculoskeletal injuries and trauma
Rotator cuff tear
Dislocated shoulder
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Winged scapula
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar claw
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Iliotibial band syndrome
Unhappy triad
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Patellar tendon rupture
Meniscus tear
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Sprained ankle
Achilles tendon rupture
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Degenerative disc disease
Spinal disc herniation
Sciatica
Compartment syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Bone disorders
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Craniosynostosis
Pectus excavatum
Arthrogryposis
Genu valgum
Genu varum
Pigeon toe
Flat feet
Club foot
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Achondroplasia
Osteomyelitis
Bone tumors
Osteochondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia and rickets
Osteopetrosis
Paget disease of bone
Osteosclerosis
Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis
Joint disorders
Osteoarthritis
Spondylosis
Spinal stenosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Gout
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout)
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Spondylitis
Septic arthritis
Bursitis
Baker cyst
Muscular disorders
Muscular dystrophy
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Inclusion body myopathy
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Fibromyalgia
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Neuromuscular junction disorders
Myasthenia gravis
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Other autoimmune disorders
Sjogren syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Mixed connective tissue disease
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Raynaud phenomenon
Scleroderma
Limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)
Musculoskeletal system pathology review
Back pain: Pathology review
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review
Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review
Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Bone tumors: Pathology review
Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders: Pathology review
Assessments
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
USMLE® Step 1 questions
0 / 10 complete
Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
of complete
| Laboratory value | Result |
| Hemoglobin | 14.0 g/dL |
| Platelets | 100,000/mm3 |
| Leukocytes | 3,500/mm3 |
Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with this condition?
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
Transcript
At the internal medicine department, a 42 year old female named Mary shows up. She complains of multiple skin lesions on the arms, chest and back. She reports having these lesions for about 3 months. In the past, she had similar lesions. She reports morning stiffness involving her fingers and knees, as well as a history of multiple miscarriages. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia as well as a very high ESR and CRP. She was positive for ANA and antiphospholipid antibodies.
Meanwhile, at the emergency department, a 25 year old man named Kyle shows up with flank pain and hematuria. He has a history of migratory arthralgias and photosensitivity. He was positive for ANA and double-stranded DNA antibodies, and also had low complement levels. Blood tests revealed very high ESR and CRP, as well as high creatinine, so a urinalysis was performed, showing proteinuria and red blood cell casts.
Both individuals actually have very different presentations of the same disease, called Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. This is a systemic, relapsing, and remitting autoimmune disease, where systemic means that essentially any tissue or organ can undergo inflammation; while relapsing and remitting, stands for periods of illness, called relapses or flares; and periods of remission during which there are few or no symptoms.
Now, lupus develops when the person’s immune system starts recognizing nuclear antigens of the body’s own cells as foreign and tries to attack them. Essentially, B cells start producing antibodies which bind to nuclear antigens in our own cells. Normally, these B cells are destroyed before they fully mature in a process called self tolerance, but in people with lupus this process is impaired. The antibodies released by these B cells form antigen-antibody complexes and these complexes drift around in the blood until they deposit or stick to the vessel wall in all sorts of different organs and tissues like the kidneys, skin, joints, heart.
Summary
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden" Lupus (2006)
- "Research and therapeutics—traditional and emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus" Rheumatology (2017)
- "A diverse array of genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (2013)
- "Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of skin disease in lupus erythematosus" Lupus (1997)
- "Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody as a marker of erosive arthritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis" Lupus (2014)
- "Renal damage is the most important predictor of mortality within the damage index: data from LUMINA LXIV, a multiethnic US cohort" Rheumatology (2008)
- "Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus and Related Syndromes - E-Book" Elsevier Health Sciences (2018)
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