Thoracic outlet syndrome
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Thoracic outlet syndrome
Pathology
Pediatric musculoskeletal conditions
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Transient synovitis
Osgood-Schlatter disease (traction apophysitis)
Musculoskeletal injuries and trauma
Rotator cuff tear
Dislocated shoulder
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Winged scapula
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar claw
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Iliotibial band syndrome
Unhappy triad
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Patellar tendon rupture
Meniscus tear
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
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Achilles tendon rupture
Spondylolysis
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Spondylosis
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Sjogren syndrome
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Musculoskeletal system pathology review
Back pain: Pathology review
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review
Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review
Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Bone tumors: Pathology review
Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders: Pathology review
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Thoracic outlet syndrome
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Pancoast tumor p. 710
thoracic outlet syndrome p. 456
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Summary
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) involves compression at the thoracic inlet, which is known clinically as the superior thoracic outlet, resulting from excess pressure placed on the neurovascular bundle passing between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles.
TOS can affect one or more of the nerves that innervate the upper limb and/or blood vessels as they pass between the chest and upper extremity, specifically in the brachial plexus, the subclavian artery, and rarely, the subclavian vein. TOS can be caused by a variety of factors, including repetitive arm and shoulder movements, trauma, or anatomical abnormalities.
Symptoms of TOS may include pain, weakness, numbness, and tingling in the arms and hands, especially when performing overhead activities or carrying heavy objects. Treatment for TOS depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, and may include medications like corticosteroids, or even surgery.
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