Rishi Desai, MD, MPH

Trichomonas vaginalis

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NOTES NOTES  TRICHOMONA MICROBE OVERVIEW ▪ Trichomonas vaginalis: pear-shaped (pyriform), ﬂagellated protozoa; infects genitourinary tract ▪ Causative agent of trichomoniasis (trich), common sexually transmitted disease (STD) Morphology ▪ Size ▫ 9 x 7 micrometers ▪ Motile via four ﬂagella, undulating membrane  ▪ Rigid axostyle runs through cell from anterior to posterior end ▪ Contains hydrogenosomes (unique energyproducing organelles) Replication/Multiplication ▪ Humans only host ▫ Does not survive well in external environments ▫ Multiplies when vaginal pH basic ▫ Incubation period: 5–28 days ▫ No cyst stage  TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS osms.it/trichomonas-vaginalis PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Resides in lower genital tract of individuals who are biologically female; urethra, prostate of individuals who are biologically male → trophozoite stage (infective stage) → transmitted sexually → infects squamous epithelium of lower genital tract → replicates by longitudinal binary ﬁssion → inﬂammatory response  RISK FACTORS  ▪ Sexual activity with infected partner ▪ Multiple sexual partners ▪ More common in individuals who are biologically female  COMPLICATIONS  ▪ ↑ risk of contracting HIV due to genital inﬂammation  576 OSMOSIS.ORG  ▪ Pregnancy ▫ ↑ risk of premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, low birth weight ▪ Urethritis, cystitis  SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ May be asymptomatic ▪ Individuals who are biologically female ▫ Watery, foul-smelling vaginal discharge; burning; pruritus; dysuria, urinary frequency; lower abdominal pain; dyspareunia; vulvar, vaginal erythema ▪ Individuals who are biologically male ▫ Urethral discharge; pruritus; burning after urination/ ejaculation   

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