Vascular tumors
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Vascular tumors
Cardiovascular system
Vascular disorders
Arterial disease
Angina pectoris
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Myocardial infarction
Prinzmetal angina
Coronary steal syndrome
Peripheral artery disease
Subclavian steal syndrome
Aneurysms
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Conn syndrome
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Abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperlipidemia
Chronic venous insufficiency
Thrombophlebitis
Deep vein thrombosis
Lymphedema
Lymphangioma
Shock
Vascular tumors
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Angiosarcomas
Congenital heart defects
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great vessels
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Tetralogy of Fallot
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
Atrial septal defect
Cardiac arrhythmias
Atrial flutter
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Premature atrial contraction
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Ventricular tachycardia
Brugada syndrome
Premature ventricular contraction
Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes
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Atrioventricular block
Bundle branch block
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Valvular disorders
Tricuspid valve disease
Pulmonary valve disease
Mitral valve disease
Aortic valve disease
Cardiomyopathies
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Heart failure
Heart failure
Cor pulmonale
Cardiac infections
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Pericardial disorders
Pericarditis and pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
Dressler syndrome
Cardiac tumors
Cardiac tumors
Cardiovascular system pathology review
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
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Vascular tumors
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2018
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) p. 175
Kaposi sarcoma p. 165, 478
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) p. 165, 177
Kaposi sarcoma p. 478
Kaposi sarcoma p. 478
AIDS and p. 184
bacillary angiomatosis vs p. 478
HHV p. --13, 165
HIV-positive adults p. 177
IFN- αfor p. 204
oncogenic microbes and p. 226
Skin lesions
Kaposi sarcoma p. 165
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Transcript
Content Reviewers
Rishi Desai, MD, MPHVascular tumors are tumors of the blood vessels, and there actually a lot of different types, so this is just a quick overview of three types of tumors: Kaposi sarcoma, hemangioma, and angiosarcoma. Kaposi sarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor that is linked with an infection of the human herpesvirus 8 (otherwise known as HHV-8). And it’s a cancer of the blood vessel endothelial cells. This virus is thought to get inside of the cells, and cause the cells to replicate uncontrollably. This type of cancer is seen in people who have suppressed immune systems. That’s why it’s one of the common diseases you’re at risk of getting if you have AIDS, and is a complication of organ transplant patients.
The most common symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma affect the skin, causing purple and red lesions. These lesions look somewhat like a bruise, but unlike a bruise they don’t blanch, or turn pale, when pressed. That’s because a Kaposi sarcoma has blood filled blood vessels whereas bruises are caused by blood leaking outside of blood vessels into the skin. Initially these lesions start off flat, but over time they may become raised and more painful. In people who have a compromised immune systems, the disease can also cause lesions in other tissues like the mouth, the nose, the throat, the lymph nodes, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract.
You can sometimes treat affected skin by surgically removing it or freezing it using cryotherapy, however treating the disease in immunocompromised patients is a little more difficult. If someone’s immune system is compromised because of drugs such as corticosteroids, it might be necessary to adjust immunosuppressants and allow the immune system to recover. It’s a lot harder to treat the disease in an AIDS patient whose immune system is severely compromised, so antiretroviral therapy is commonly used by patients to restore immunity. Radiation and chemotherapy are also treatment options.
Summary
Vascular tumors are growths that develop in blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. These tumors can be benign or malignant. The most common types of benign vascular tumors are hemangiomas, which typically form in infancy and childhood and often resolve on their own over time. Malignant vascular tumors include angiosarcomas, which can occur in any part of the body, and Kaposi's sarcoma, which is typically seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. Treatment for vascular tumors depends on the type, location, and size of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the individual. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Kaposi Sarcoma" Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (2013)
- "Hemangioendothelioma" Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology (2013)
- "Angiosarcoma: clinical and imaging features from head to toe" The British Journal of Radiology (2017)
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