Obsessive-compulsive disorders Notes
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NOTES NOTES OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS GENERALLY, WHAT ARE THEY? PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Mental disorders characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions ▪ Obsessions: recurrent, intrusive thoughts (often causing anxiety) ▪ Compulsions: repeated, purposeful, ritualistic behaviors (often attempts to alleviate anxiety from obsessions) ▪ Obsessions/compulsions give feelings of gratification but affect day-to-day life CAUSES ▪ Genetic, often associated with psychiatric comorbidities ▪ Can lead to depressive/substance use disorders DIAGNOSIS ▪ Presence of obsessions, compulsions ▪ Not caused by other condition/substance TREATMENT MEDICATIONS ▪ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), other antidepressants PSYCHOTHERAPY ▪ E.g. cognitive behavioral therapy SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Obsessions, compulsions causing distress OSMOSIS.ORG 717
BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER osms.it/BDD PATHOLOGY & CAUSES DIAGNOSIS ▪ Characterized by an obsessive belief that one’s appearance is flawed ▪ Can cause compulsive behaviors (e.g. excessive grooming) ▪ Not caused by other condition/substance CAUSES ▪ No consensus on optimal treatment ▪ Genetic, environmental; linked to issues with serotonin neurotransmitters SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Obsessive belief that one’s appearance is flawed ▪ Compulsive behaviors in response ▪ Distress affects day-to-day functioning TREATMENT MEDICATIONS ▪ SSRIs and other antidepressants PSYCHOTHERAPY ▪ Cognitive behavioral therapy BODY FOCUSED REPETITIVE DISORDERS osms.it/repetitive-disorders PATHOLOGY & CAUSES TYPES Excoriation disorder ▪ Characterized by compulsive skin-picking ▪ Can lead to infection/tissue damage Trichotillomania ▪ Characterized by compulsive hair-pulling CAUSES ▪ High comorbidity with other mood disorders; stress-related ▪ Trichotillomania: genetic 718 OSMOSIS.ORG SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Purposeful skin-picking (excoriation) or hair-pulling (trichotillomania) with associated damage ▪ Causes distress in other areas of life DIAGNOSIS ▪ Not explained by any other condition/ substance
Chapter 97 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders TREATMENT ▪ No consensus on optimal treatment MEDICATIONS ▪ SSRIs and other antidepressants PSYCHOTHERAPY ▪ Cognitive behavioral therapy OTHER INTERVENTIONS ▪ Physical prevention (e.g. covering exposed skin or hair) Figure 97.1 An individual with excoriation syndrome and numerous, small skin sores caused by constant skin scratching and picking. OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER osms.it/OCD PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions ▪ Obsessions, compulsions vary in scope, type CAUSES ▪ Genetic, environmental; linked to issues with serotonin neurotransmitters SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Obsessions (e.g. with germs, unsafeness) and/or compulsions (e.g. repeated handwashing, checking stove burner) ▪ Distress affects day-to-day functioning DIAGNOSIS ▪ Obsessions and/or compulsions ▫ Must be time consuming (affecting dayto-day life) ▫ Must not be caused by effects of a substance or other medical condition ▪ Not explained by other condition/substance TREATMENT MEDICATIONS ▪ SSRIs, other antidepressants PSYCHOTHERAPY ▪ E.g. cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure and response therapy) OSMOSIS.ORG 719
Osmosis High-Yield Notes
This Osmosis High-Yield Note provides an overview of Obsessive-compulsive disorders essentials. All Osmosis Notes are clearly laid-out and contain striking images, tables, and diagrams to help visual learners understand complex topics quickly and efficiently. Find more information about Obsessive-compulsive disorders by visiting the associated Learn Page.
