Perichondrium · What Is It, Location, Function, Most Important Facts, and More

The perichondrium is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the external surface of most of the body’s cartilage (i.e., strong, flexible, and semi-rigid tissue found throughout the body). Perichondrium is mainly found on the surfaces of elastic and hyaline cartilage, which can be found in multiple locations of the body, such as in the ears, nose, joints and ribs.

Damage to the perichondrium is known as perichondritis, and can result from cartilage injuries. This often occurs from microtraumas such as piercings, insect bites, or burns to the perichondrium tissue, leading to inflammation and, sometimes, infection. Symptoms can include pain, redness, and swelling, which may require medical treatment. Serious ear trauma leading to diminished blood flow from the perichondrium to the cartilage can lead to a puffy, cauliflower-like appearance, and is commonly referred to as cauliflower ear. This condition may require medical treatment, including antibiotics or minor surgical procedures.

The main functions of the perichondrium are to protect bones from injury, nourish cartilage, and facilitate cartilage growth. 

The perichondrium protects bones from injury and long-term damage by reducing friction and providing elasticity in parts of the body, as well as by resisting outward expansion when cartilage is compressed. The fibrous perichondrium also contains blood vessels that strengthen and nourish cartilage by long range diffusion, encouraging cell renewal and reducing recovery time from damage. 

The perichondrium is a dense layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers many types of cartilage in the body, whereas the periosteum is a thin layer of membranous connective tissue that covers all bones in the body. In doing so, the periosteum promotes the development and growth of the bones, while the perichondrium promotes the development and growth of cartilage. The periosteum assists bone growth by facilitating the supply of blood and nutrients to bone tissue. Both types of tissue also provide protection from bone injury, although through different means.