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Anatomical terminology
Introduction to the cardiovascular system
Introduction to the central and peripheral nervous systems
Introduction to the lymphatic system
Introduction to the muscular system
Introduction to the skeletal system
Introduction to the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Abdominal quadrants, regions and planes
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Blood supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Esophagus and stomach
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Innervation of the abdominal viscera
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Large intestine
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Liver, biliary ducts and gallbladder
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Pancreas and spleen
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Small intestine
Anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall
Anatomy of the diaphragm
Anatomy of the inguinal region
Anatomy of the muscles and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall
Anatomy of the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity
Anatomy of the vessels of the posterior abdominal wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region
Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Peritoneum and diaphragm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the gastrointestinal tract
Anatomy of the ascending spinal cord pathways
Anatomy of the descending spinal cord pathways
Anatomy of the suboccipital region
Anatomy of the vertebral canal
Bones of the vertebral column
Joints of the vertebral column
Muscles of the back
Vessels and nerves of the vertebral column
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back
Anatomy clinical correlates: Spinal cord pathways
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vertebral canal
Anatomy of the basal ganglia
Anatomy of the blood supply to the brain
Anatomy of the brainstem
Anatomy of the cerebellum
Anatomy of the cerebral cortex
Anatomy of the cranial meninges and dural venous sinuses
Anatomy of the diencephalon
Anatomy of the limbic system
Anatomy of the ventricular system
Anatomy of the white matter tracts
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior blood supply to the brain
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebellum and brainstem
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebral hemispheres
Anatomy clinical correlates: Posterior blood supply to the brain
Introduction to the cranial nerves
Cranial nerve pathways
Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Anatomy of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Anatomy of the vagus nerve (CN X)
Anatomy of the spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy of the cranial base
Anatomy of the external and middle ear
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the infratemporal fossa
Anatomy of the inner ear
Anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Anatomy of the oral cavity
Anatomy of the orbit
Anatomy of the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) fossa
Anatomy of the salivary glands
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication
Anatomy of the tongue
Bones of the cranium
Muscles of the face and scalp
Nerves and vessels of the face and scalp
Anatomy clinical correlates: Ear
Anatomy clinical correlates: Eye
Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
Anatomy clinical correlates: Temporal regions, oral cavity and nose
Anatomy of the anterior and medial thigh
Anatomy of the foot
Anatomy of the hip joint
Anatomy of the knee joint
Anatomy of the leg
Anatomy of the popliteal fossa
Anatomy of the tibiofibular joints
Bones of the lower limb
Joints of the ankle and foot
Muscles of the gluteal region and posterior thigh
Vessels and nerves of the gluteal region and posterior thigh
Anatomy clinical correlates: Foot
Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
Anatomy clinical correlates: Knee
Anatomy clinical correlates: Leg and ankle
Anatomy of the larynx and trachea
Anatomy of the lymphatics of the neck
Anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus
Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Bones of the neck
Deep structures of the neck: Prevertebral muscles
Deep structures of the neck: Root of the neck
Fascia and spaces of the neck
Superficial structures of the neck: Anterior triangle
Superficial structures of the neck: Cervical plexus
Superficial structures of the neck: Posterior triangle
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vessels, nerves and lymphatics of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the neck
Anatomy of the female reproductive organs of the pelvis
Anatomy of the female urogenital triangle
Anatomy of the gastrointestinal organs of the pelvis and perineum
Anatomy of the male reproductive organs of the pelvis
Anatomy of the male urogenital triangle
Anatomy of the pelvic cavity
Anatomy of the pelvic girdle
Anatomy of the perineum
Anatomy of the urinary organs of the pelvis
Arteries and veins of the pelvis
Nerves and lymphatics of the pelvis
Anatomy clinical correlates: Female pelvis and perineum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
Anatomy of the breast
Anatomy of the coronary circulation
Anatomy of the heart
Anatomy of the inferior mediastinum
Anatomy of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree
Anatomy of the pleura
Anatomy of the superior mediastinum
Bones and joints of the thoracic wall
Muscles of the thoracic wall
Vessels and nerves of the thoracic wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Breast
Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall
Anatomy of the arm
Anatomy of the axilla
Anatomy of the brachial plexus
Anatomy of the elbow joint
Anatomy of the glenohumeral joint
Anatomy of the pectoral and scapular regions
Anatomy of the radioulnar joints
Anatomy of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints
Bones of the upper limb
Fascia, vessels and nerves of the upper limb
Joints of the wrist and hand
Muscles of the forearm
Muscles of the hand
Vessels and nerves of the forearm
Vessels and nerves of the hand
Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla
Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder
Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand
Agoraphobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobias
Social anxiety disorder
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Suicide
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
Alzheimer disease
Amnesia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Delirium
Dissociative disorders
Frontotemporal dementia
Huntington disease
Lewy body dementia
Parkinson disease
Vascular dementia
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders
Encopresis
Enuresis
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Learning disability
Rett syndrome
Tourette syndrome
Body dysmorphic disorder
Body focused repetitive disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Cluster A personality disorders
Cluster B personality disorders
Cluster C personality disorders
Delusional disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform disorder
Female sexual dysfunction disorders
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder
Orgasmic dysfunction
Male sexual dysfunction disorders
Erectile dysfunction
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Bruxism
Insomnia
Narcolepsy (NORD)
Night terrors
Nocturnal enuresis
Factitious disorder
Somatic symptom disorder
Alcohol use disorder
Cannabis dependence
Cocaine dependence
Opioid dependence
Tobacco dependence
Physical and sexual abuse
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Amnesia, dissociative disorders and delirium: Pathology review
Anxiety disorders, phobias and stress-related disorders: Pathology Review
Childhood and early-onset psychological disorders: Pathology review
Dementia: Pathology review
Developmental and learning disorders: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Alcohol: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Other depressants: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Stimulants: Pathology review
Eating disorders: Pathology review
Malingering, factitious disorders and somatoform disorders: Pathology review
Mood disorders: Pathology review
Personality disorders: Pathology review
Psychiatric emergencies: Pathology review
Psychological sleep disorders: Pathology review
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Pathology review
Trauma- and stress-related disorders: Pathology review
Atypical antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Atypical antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Lithium
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Psychomotor stimulants
Amino acid metabolism
Nitrogen and urea cycle
Carbohydrate metabolism
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen metabolism
Glycolysis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Physiological changes during exercise
Fat and cholesterol metabolism
Cholesterol metabolism
Fatty acid oxidation
Fatty acid synthesis
Ketone body metabolism
Amino acid metabolism disorders
Alkaptonuria
Cystinuria (NORD)
Hartnup disease
Homocystinuria
Maple syrup urine disease
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Phenylketonuria (NORD)
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Essential fructosuria
Galactosemia
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Hereditary fructose intolerance
Lactose intolerance
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Dyslipidemias
Abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Glycogen storage diseases
Glycogen storage disease type I
Glycogen storage disease type II (NORD)
Glycogen storage disease type III
Glycogen storage disease type IV
Glycogen storage disease type V
Lysosomal storage disorders: Mucopolysaccharidoses
Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 1 (Hurler syndrome) (NORD)
Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 2 (Hunter syndrome) (NORD)
Lysosomal storage disorders: Sphingolipidoses
Fabry disease (NORD)
Gaucher disease (NORD)
Krabbe disease
Leukodystrophy
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (NORD)
Niemann-Pick disease type C
Niemann-Pick disease types A and B (NORD)
Tay-Sachs disease (NORD)
Other lysosomal storage disorders
Cystinosis
Metabolic disorders review
Disorders of amino acid metabolism: Pathology review
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: Pathology review
Disorders of fatty acid metabolism: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Glycogen storage disorders: Pathology review
Lysosomal storage disorders: Pathology review
Carbohydrates and sugars
Fats and lipids
Proteins
Fat soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity
Excess Vitamin A
Excess Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency
Malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Mineral deficiency
Iodine deficiency
Zinc deficiency
Water soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity
Beriberi
Folate (Vitamin B9) deficiency
Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Nutritional disorders review
Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: Pathology review
Water-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: B1-B7: Pathology review
Water-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: B9, B12 and vitamin C: Pathology review
Zinc deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition: Pathology review
Introduction to biostatistics
Probability
Types of data
Chi-squared test
Fisher's exact test
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis
Kappa coefficient
Mann-Whitney U test
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Type I and type II errors
Correlation
Hypothesis testing: One-tailed and two-tailed tests
Linear regression
Logistic regression
Methods of regression analysis
One-way ANOVA
Paired t-test
Repeated measures ANOVA
Two-sample t-test
Two-way ANOVA
Mean, median, and mode
Normal distribution and z-scores
Range, variance, and standard deviation
Standard error of the mean (Central limit theorem)
Bias in interpreting results of clinical studies
Bias in performing clinical studies
Confounding
Disease causality
Information bias
Interaction
Selection bias
Attributable risk (AR)
DALY and QALY
Direct standardization
Incidence and prevalence
Indirect standardization
Mortality rates and case-fatality
Odds ratio
Relative and absolute risk
Positive and negative predictive value
Sensitivity and specificity
Test precision and accuracy
Disease surveillance
Modes of infectious disease transmission
Outbreak investigations
Prevention
Vaccination and herd immunity
Case-control study
Clinical trials
Cohort study
Cross sectional study
Ecologic study
Placebo effect and masking
Randomized control trial
Sample size
Study designs
Cell membrane
Cell signaling pathways
Cell-cell junctions
Cellular structure and function
Cytoskeleton and intracellular motility
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Extracellular matrix
Nernst equation
Osmosis
Resting membrane potential
Selective permeability of the cell membrane
Cytoskeleton, collagen and elastin disorders
Alport syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Peroxisomal disorders
Adrenoleukodystrophy (NORD)
Zellweger spectrum disorders (NORD)
Disorders of cellular biology review
Collagen disorders: Pathology review
Cytoskeleton and elastin disorders: Pathology review
Peroxisomal disorders: Pathology review
DNA cloning
ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Gel electrophoresis and genetic testing
Karyotyping
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
Amino acids and protein folding
Cell cycle
DNA damage and repair
DNA mutations
DNA replication
DNA structure
Epigenetics
Gene regulation
Lac operon
Mitosis and meiosis
Nuclear structure
Nucleotide metabolism
Protein structure and synthesis
Transcription of DNA
Translation of mRNA
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism disorders
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Orotic aciduria
DNA replication and repair disorders
Bloom syndrome
Fanconi anemia
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome
Xeroderma pigmentosum
DNA damage
Acute radiation syndrome
Disorders of molecular biology review
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism disorders: Pathology review
Human development days 1-4
Human development days 4-7
Human development week 2
Human development week 3
Development of the digestive system and body cavities
Development of the fetal membranes
Development of the placenta
Development of the umbilical cord
Development of twins
Hedgehog signaling pathway
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Development of the cardiovascular system
Fetal circulation
Development of the ear
Development of the eye
Development of the face and palate
Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts
Development of the gastrointestinal system
Development of the teeth
Development of the tongue
Development of the integumentary system
Development of the axial skeleton
Development of the limbs
Development of the muscular system
Development of the nervous system
Development of the renal system
Development of the reproductive system
Development of the respiratory system
Evolution and natural selection
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Independent assortment of genes and linkage
Inheritance patterns
Mendelian genetics and punnett squares
Autosomal dominant disorders
Achondroplasia
Alagille syndrome (NORD)
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Hereditary spherocytosis
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Myotonic dystrophy
Neurofibromatosis
Polycystic kidney disease
Treacher Collins syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
von Hippel-Lindau disease
Autosomal recessive disorders
Albinism
Alpha-thalassemia
Beta-thalassemia
Cystic fibrosis
Friedreich ataxia
Hemochromatosis
Sickle cell disease (NORD)
Wilson disease
Chromosomal deletion syndromes
Cri du chat syndrome
Williams syndrome
Imprinting disorders
Angelman syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Mitochondrial genetic disorders
Mitochondrial myopathy
Sex chromosome disorders
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders
Fragile X syndrome
Trisomies
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)
X-linked dominant disorders
X-linked recessive disorders
Hemophilia
Muscular dystrophy
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Genetic disorders review
Autosomal trisomies: Pathology review
Miscellaneous genetic disorders: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
Light microscopy and staining methods
Arteriole, venule and capillary histology
Artery and vein histology
Cardiac muscle histology
Adrenal gland histology
Pancreas histology
Pituitary gland histology
Thyroid and parathyroid gland histology
Eye and ear histology
Nasal cavity and larynx histology
Colon histology
Esophagus histology
Gallbladder histology
Liver histology
Small intestine histology
Stomach histology
Blood histology
Lymph node histology
Spleen histology
Thymus histology
Skin histology
Bone histology
Cartilage histology
Skeletal muscle histology
Central nervous system histology
Peripheral nervous system histology
Kidney histology
Ureter, bladder and urethra histology
Female reproductive system
Cervix and vagina histology
Fallopian tube and uterus histology
Mammary gland histology
Ovary histology
Male reproductive system
Penis histology
Prostate gland histology
Testis, ductus deferens, and seminal vesicle histology
Bronchioles and alveoli histology
Trachea and bronchi histology
Bacterial structure and functions
Aerobic rods
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Listeria monocytogenes
Anaerobic rods
Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Filaments
Actinomyces israelii
Nocardia
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Streptococcus viridans
Other gram positive cocci
Enterococcus
Rods
Bacteroides fragilis
Bartonella henselae (Cat-scratch disease and Bacillary angiomatosis)
Enterobacter
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
Serratia marcescens
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Comma-shaped rods
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
Diplococci
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Coccobacilli
Bordetella pertussis (Whooping cough)
Brucella
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
Haemophilus influenzae
Pasteurella multocida
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
Non-tuberculous mycobacterium
Mycobacterium avium complex (NORD)
Mycobacterium leprae
Chlamydia
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram variable bacteria
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Rickettsia and related bacteria
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Spirochetes
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)
Leptospira
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Malassezia (Tinea versicolor and Seborrhoeic dermatitis)
Aspergillus fumigatus
Candida
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucormycosis
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystis pneumonia)
Sporothrix schenckii
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (Lice)
Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)
Central nervous system infections
Acanthamoeba
Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)
Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
Gastrointestinal infections
Cryptosporidium
Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)
Giardia lamblia
Hematologic infections
Babesia
Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Other protozoal infections
Leishmania
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid disease)
Nematodes (roundworms)
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Angiostrongylus (Eosinophilic meningitis)
Anisakis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis)
Loa loa (Eye worm)
Onchocerca volvulus (River blindness)
Strongyloides stercoralis
Toxocara canis (Visceral larva migrans)
Trichinella spiralis
Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
Wuchereria bancrofti (Lymphatic filariasis)
Trematodes (flatworms)
Clonorchis sinensis
Paragonimus westermani
Schistosomes
Viral structure and functions
Adenoviruses
Adenovirus
Hepadnaviruses
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D virus
Herpesviruses
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
Herpes simplex virus
Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Varicella zoster virus
Papillomaviruses
Human papillomavirus
Parvoviruses
Parvovirus B19
Polyomaviruses
BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)
JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Poxviruses
Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)
Arenaviruses
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Bunyaviruses
Hantavirus
Caliciviruses
Norovirus
Coronaviruses
Delta virus
Filoviruses
Ebola virus
Flaviviruses
Dengue virus
Hepatitis C virus
West Nile virus
Yellow fever virus
Zika virus
Orthomyxoviruses
Influenza virus
Paramyxoviruses
Human parainfluenza viruses
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Picornavirus and hepevirus
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus
Picornaviruses
Coxsackievirus
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus
Reoviruses
Rotavirus
Retroviruses
HIV (AIDS)
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Rhabdoviruses
Rabies virus
Togaviruses
Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus
Rubella virus
Prions (Spongiform encephalopathy)
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Antituberculosis medications
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Azoles
Echinocandins
Miscellaneous antifungal medications
Anthelmintic medications
Anti-mite and louse medications
Antimalarials
Hepatitis medications
Herpesvirus medications
Integrase and entry inhibitors
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Protease inhibitors
Amyloidosis
Free radicals and cellular injury
Hypoxia
Ischemia
Necrosis and apoptosis
Inflammation
Wound healing
Atrophy, aplasia, and hypoplasia
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia and dysplasia
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Bradycardia and heart block
Atrioventricular block
Bundle branch block
Pulseless electrical activity
Supraventricular tachycardias
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Premature atrial contraction
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Ventricular tachycardias
Brugada syndrome
Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes
Premature ventricular contraction
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Cardiac tumors
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Acyanotic congenital heart defects
Atrial septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Cyanotic congenital heart defects
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Cor pulmonale
Heart failure
Cardiac tamponade
Dressler syndrome
Pericarditis and pericardial effusion
Shock
Aortic valve disease
Mitral valve disease
Pulmonary valve disease
Tricuspid valve disease
Introduction to arterial disease
Arterial disease
Aneurysms and dissections
Aneurysms
Aortic dissection
Coronary artery disease
Angina pectoris
Coronary steal syndrome
Myocardial infarction
Prinzmetal angina
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Hypertension
Conn syndrome
Cushing syndrome
Hypertensive emergency
Pheochromocytoma
Renal artery stenosis
Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Lymphatic disorders
Lymphangioma
Lymphedema
Peripheral artery disease
Subclavian steal syndrome
Vascular compression syndromes
Nutcracker syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Vascular tumors
Angiosarcomas
Vasculitis
Behcet's disease
Kawasaki disease
Venous disorders
Chronic venous insufficiency
Deep vein thrombosis
Thrombophlebitis
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Adrenal cortex disorders
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
Hyperaldosteronism
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Congenital disorders
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Neuroendocrine tumors
Carcinoid syndrome
Neuroblastoma
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (NORD)
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic retinopathy
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Delayed puberty
Kallmann syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Precocious puberty
Premature ovarian failure
Hyperpituitarism
Hyperprolactinemia
Pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
Hypopituitarism
Constitutional growth delay
Growth hormone deficiency
Hypoprolactinemia
Pituitary apoplexy
Sheehan syndrome
Posterior pituitary gland disorders
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (NORD)
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
Thyroid eye disease (NORD)
Thyroid storm
Toxic multinodular goiter
Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism
Postpartum thyroiditis
Riedel thyroiditis
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Adrenal masses: Pathology review
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Hypopituitarism: Pathology review
Hypothyroidism: Pathology review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Pituitary tumors: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Traumatic, infectious, and inflammatory ear disorders
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Otitis externa
Otitis media
Tympanic membrane perforation
Blindness and vision impairment
Age-related macular degeneration
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Cataract
Color blindness
Cortical blindness
Glaucoma
Hemianopsia
Homonymous hemianopsia
Retinal detachment
Pediatric eye disorders
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Retinoblastoma
Retinopathy of prematurity
Traumatic, infectious, and inflammatory eye disorders
Corneal ulcer
Periorbital cellulitis
Uveitis
Keratitis
Orbital cellulitis
Hordeolum (stye)
Conjunctivitis
Bacterial epiglottitis
Laryngitis
Laryngomalacia
Allergic rhinitis
Choanal atresia
Nasal polyps
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Oral cavity disorders
Aphthous ulcers
Ludwig angina
Oral cancer
Oral candidiasis
Parotitis
Sialadenitis
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Warthin tumor
Oropharyngeal disorders
Esophageal cancer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses
Sleep apnea
Zenker diverticulum
Thyroid gland disorders
Parathyroid gland disorders
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)
Labyrinthitis
Meniere disease
Vertigo
Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review
Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review
Vertigo: Pathology review
Biliary atresia
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Gilbert's syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Gallbladder and biliary tract disorders
Acute cholecystitis
Ascending cholangitis
Biliary colic
Cholangiocarcinoma
Chronic cholecystitis
Gallbladder cancer
Gallstone ileus
Gallstones
Liver disorders
Alcohol-induced liver disease
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Autoimmune hepatitis
Benign liver tumors
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cholestatic liver disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatitis
Hepatocellular adenoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Jaundice
Neonatal hepatitis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Portal hypertension
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Reye syndrome
Pancreatic disorders
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Bowel obstruction
Intestinal adhesions
Volvulus
Colorectal polyps and cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal polyps
Gardner syndrome
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Congenital and pediatric disorders
Gastroschisis
Hirschsprung disease
Imperforate anus
Intestinal atresia
Intestinal malrotation
Intussusception
Meckel diverticulum
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Omphalocele
Hernias
Abdominal hernias
Femoral hernia
Inguinal hernia
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Crohn disease
Microscopic colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Ischemia and infarction
Ischemic colitis
Small bowel ischemia and infarction
Malabsorption
Celiac disease
Protein losing enteropathy
Short bowel syndrome (NORD)
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Tropical sprue
Whipple's disease
Other intestinal disorders
Appendicitis
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
Gastroenteritis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Rectal and anal disorders
Anal fissure
Anal fistula
Hemorrhoid
Rectal prolapse
Peritonitis
Pneumoperitoneum
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Esophageal web
Pyloric stenosis
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Esophageal disorders
Achalasia
Barrett esophagus
Boerhaave syndrome
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Gastric disorders
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Gastric cancer
Gastric dumping syndrome
Gastritis
Gastroparesis
Peptic ulcer
Dental abscess
Dental caries disease
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Appendicitis: Pathology review
Cirrhosis: Pathology review
Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review
Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review
Diverticular disease: Pathology review
Esophageal disorders: Pathology review
Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review
Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review
Jaundice: Pathology review
Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review
Pancreatitis: Pathology review
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Hemolytic normocytic anemias
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Megaloblastic macrocytic anemias
Megaloblastic anemia
Microcytic anemias
Anemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemias
Aplastic anemia
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemias
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis (NORD)
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Essential thrombocythemia (NORD)
Myeloproliferative disorders
Myelofibrosis (NORD)
Polycythemia vera (NORD)
Acute intermittent porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Acute leukemia
Chronic leukemia
Leukemoid reaction
Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Von Willebrand disease
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Immune thrombocytopenia
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antithrombin III deficiency
Factor V Leiden
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Heme synthesis disorders: Pathology review
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Leukemias: Pathology review
Lymphomas: Pathology review
Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review
Microcytic anemia: Pathology review
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Myeloproliferative disorders: Pathology review
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review
Platelet disorders: Pathology review
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability): Pathology review
Sepsis
Neonatal sepsis
Abscess
Abscesses
Type I hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Food allergy
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity reactions
Goodpasture syndrome
Myasthenia gravis
Pemphigus vulgaris
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity reactions
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Serum sickness
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions
Contact dermatitis
Graft-versus-host disease
