Corneal ulcer

Corneal ulcer

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Type II hypersensitivity

Introduction to the immune system

Innate immune system

Complement system

T-cell development

B-cell development

MHC class I and MHC class II molecules

T-cell activation

B-cell activation, differentiation, and contraction

Cell-mediated immunity of CD4 cells

Cell-mediated immunity of natural killer and CD8 cells

Antibody classes

Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation

VDJ rearrangement

Contracting the immune response and peripheral tolerance

B- and T-cell memory

Anergy, exhaustion, and clonal deletion

Type I hypersensitivity

Type III hypersensitivity

Type IV hypersensitivity

Introduction to the cranial nerves

Cranial nerve pathways

Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves

Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves

Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Anatomy of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Anatomy of the spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves

Anatomy of the vagus nerve (CN X)

Anatomy of the cerebral cortex

Anatomy of the cerebellum

Anatomy of the cranial meninges and dural venous sinuses

Anatomy of the brainstem

Anatomy of the basal ganglia

Anatomy of the white matter tracts

Anatomy of the limbic system

Anatomy of the blood supply to the brain

Anatomy of the diencephalon

Sympathetic nervous system

Enteric nervous system

Nervous system anatomy and physiology

Parasympathetic nervous system

Central nervous system histology

Peripheral nervous system histology

Development of the nervous system

Introduction to the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Introduction to the central and peripheral nervous systems

Adrenergic receptors

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Essential fructosuria

Hereditary fructose intolerance

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Lactose intolerance

Glycogen storage disease type I

Glycogen storage disease type II (NORD)

Glycogen storage disease type III

Glycogen storage disease type IV

Glycogen storage disease type V

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (NORD)

Gaucher disease (NORD)

Niemann-Pick disease types A and B (NORD)

Niemann-Pick disease type C

Fabry disease (NORD)

Tay-Sachs disease (NORD)

Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 1 (Hurler syndrome) (NORD)

Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 2 (Hunter syndrome) (NORD)

Hartnup disease

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

Phenylketonuria (NORD)

Cystinuria (NORD)

Maple syrup urine disease

Abetalipoproteinemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: Pathology review

Disorders of fatty acid metabolism: Pathology review

Dyslipidemias: Pathology review

Glycogen storage disorders: Pathology review

Lysosomal storage disorders: Pathology review

Disorders of amino acid metabolism: Pathology review

Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review

Mendelian genetics and punnett squares

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Inheritance patterns

Independent assortment of genes and linkage

Evolution and natural selection

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)

Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Fragile X syndrome

Huntington disease

Myotonic dystrophy

Friedreich ataxia

Turner syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome

Angelman syndrome

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Cri du chat syndrome

Williams syndrome

Alagille syndrome (NORD)

Polycystic kidney disease

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Hereditary spherocytosis

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Marfan syndrome

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Neurofibromatosis

Tuberous sclerosis

von Hippel-Lindau disease

Cystic fibrosis

Hemochromatosis

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Sickle cell disease (NORD)

Alpha-thalassemia

Beta-thalassemia

Alport syndrome

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Muscular dystrophy

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Mitochondrial myopathy

Autosomal trisomies: Pathology review

Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review

Miscellaneous genetic disorders: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Posterior blood supply to the brain

Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebellum and brainstem

Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis

Color blindness

Cortical blindness

Homonymous hemianopsia

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Retinal detachment

Age-related macular degeneration

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinopathy of prematurity

Periorbital cellulitis

Orbital cellulitis

Hordeolum (stye)

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Conductive hearing loss

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Tympanic membrane perforation

Meniere disease

Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)

Choanal atresia

Allergic rhinitis

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Aphthous ulcers

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Zenker diverticulum

Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses

Esophageal cancer

Bacterial epiglottitis

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review

Vertigo: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review

Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review

Study tips for SHELF exams and the USMLE® Step 2

Glomerular filtration

Measuring renal plasma flow and renal blood flow

Renal clearance

TF/Px ratio and TF/Pinulin

Regulation of renal blood flow

Key Takeaways

A corneal ulcer, also known as ulcerative keratitis, is a cornea lesion usually due to infection with bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. Other causes of corneal ulcers include injury (for example, from a sharp object), contact lens use, and other diseases that affect the eyes. Symptoms of a corneal ulcer include pain, redness, swelling, discharge from the eye, and blurred vision.