Kappa coefficient

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Kappa coefficient

Study interpretation and drawing conclusions from data

Bias, confounding, and threats to validity

Bias in interpreting results of clinical studies
Bias in performing clinical studies
Confounding
Information bias
Interaction
Selection bias

Causation

Disease causality

Chance

Hypothesis testing: One-tailed and two-tailed tests
Chi-squared test
Fisher's exact test
Kappa coefficient
Mann-Whitney U test
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
One-way ANOVA
Paired t-test
Repeated measures ANOVA
Two-sample t-test
Two-way ANOVA
Type I and type II errors

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Kappa coefficient

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Summary

The Kappa coefficient can be thought of as a way of quantifying the amount of disagreement between raters. It takes into account both chance agreement (agreement that would be expected by chance alone) and real agreement (agreement that is not due to chance alone). The coefficient is equal to one if the raters are in agreement, and less than or equal to zero if there is no agreement.