Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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Summary of Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. IRDS affects about 1% of newborn infants and is the leading cause of death in preterm infants. Treatment includes giving maternal sterioids before birth to help the fetal lungs mature. The syndrome is more frequent in infants of diabetic mothers and in the second born of premature twins. Complications include metabolic acidosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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A 24-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, is 31-weeks pregnant and arrives at the emergency room following a head-on vehicular collision. She is quickly stabilized with only minor injuries. Three hours later, she begins having contractions and gives birth to a 2.1-kg (5.6-lbs) newborn girl. The newborn’s temperature is 36.0°C (96.8°F), pulse is 150/min, and respirations are 90/min. Arterial blood gas analysis reveals the following: Which cells, when mature enough, produce the substance that would have prevented the infant’s clinical condition?

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