Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
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Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory system
Congenital disorders
Disorders of the pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall
Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders of the lower airways
Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders of the upper airways
Metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders
Neoplasms
Obstructive airway disease
Pneumoconiosis, fibrosing, and restrictive pulmonary disorders or interstitial lung disease
Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest and pulmonary vascular disorders
Traumatic or mechanical disorders
Respiratory system pathology review
Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review
Pneumonia: Pathology review
Tuberculosis: Pathology review
Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review
Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review
Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review
Summary
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, is a syndrome common in premature infants that is caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. The result is inability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide effectively across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Symptoms of RDS may include rapid breathing, grunting, flaring of the nostrils, and cyanosis (bluish skin and lips). The severity of the symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the RDS. Treatment for RDS may include supplemental oxygen, respiratory support, and medications to improve lung function.