00:00 / 00:00
Introduction to pathology
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
0 / 12 complete
0 / 4 complete
of complete
of complete
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogene product p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogene for p. 206, 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogene p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
oncogenes and p. 222
as oncogene product p. 222
as oncogene product p. 222
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are classes of genes that code for various proteins that are involved in the progression of the cell cycle.
Oncogenes are actually mutated versions of proto-oncogenes, which are normal genes in charge of positive regulation of the cell-cycle.
So the protein products of proto-oncogenes stimulate cell growth and division - they’re like a gas pedal in a car.
Tumor suppressor genes, on the other hand, are in charge of negative regulation of the cell cycle, so their protein products stop its progression and promote apoptosis or cell death.
Tumor suppressor genes are involved in DNA repair mechanisms and inhibiting transcription factors that try to push the cell along in the cell cycle - so they’re like the brake pedal in a car.
Now, the cell cycle is the series of events that a cell goes through as it changes from being one cell into two daughter cells.
The cell cycle has two phases: interphase and mitosis. Interphase is comprised of the G1 phase, during which the cell grows and performs its cell functions, the S phase, during which DNA is replicated, and the G2 phase, during which the cell grows again before entering mitosis.
At the end of G1 and G2, there are cell cycle control points called the G1 and G2 checkpoints, where the cell checks to see if there’s any DNA damage.
The main control point is the G1 checkpoint.
If it turns out that there is DNA damage, then the cell can either enter a non-dividing state called the G0 phase, where the DNA repair mechanisms try to fix the problem, or the cell can self-destruct in a process called apoptosis.
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are types of genes that play a role in the development of cancer. Oncogenes are mutated versions of proto-oncogenes, which normally regulate and promote the cell cycle to progress. Oncogenes end up promoting uncontrolled cell growth and division, causing normal cells to become cancerous. On the other hand, tumor suppressor genes are genes that code for protein products that regulate and slow down the cell cycle, and also promote apoptosis, which is programmed cell death.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.