Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
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Memory Anchors and Partner Content
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First Aid
2024
2023
2022
2021
α1 -antagonists
benign prostatic hyperplasia p. 725
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) p. 672, 734
α-blockers for p. 243
hydronephrosis and p. 617
incontinence with p. 618
postrenal azotemia p. 620
tamsulosin for p. 675
treatment p. 725
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
azotemia with p. 620
hydronephrosis in p. 617
5 α-reductase inhibitors
benign prostatic hyperplasia p. 725
PDE-5 inhibitors p. 672, 675
benign prostatic hyperplasia p. 725
Transcript
In benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, prostatic refers to the prostate gland, hyperplasia means an increase in the number of cells, and benign means that these cells aren’t malignant, so they don’t invade neighboring tissues.
So, benign prostatic hyperplasia is the non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland.
This condition is common in men over 50, and is often considered a normal part of aging.
The prostate is a small gland, about the size and shape of a walnut, that sits under the bladder and in front of the rectum.
The urethra which is the tube through which urine leaves the bladder, goes through the prostate before reaching the penis.
And that part of the urethra is called the prostatic urethra.
The prostate is covered by a capsule of tough connective tissue and smooth muscle.
Beneath this layer, the prostate can be divided into a few zones.
The peripheral zone, which is the outermost posterior section, is the largest of the zone and contain about 70% of the prostate’s glandular tissue.
Moving inward, the next section is the central zone which contains about 25% of the glandular tissue as well as the ejaculatory ducts that join with the prostatic urethra.
Last, is the transitional zone, which contains around 5% of the glandular tissue as well as a portion of the prostatic urethra.
The transitional zone gets its name because it contains transitional cells which are also found in the bladder.
At the microscopic level, each of the tiny glands that make up the prostate is surrounded by a basement membrane made largely of collagen.
Sitting within that basement membrane, is a ring of cube-shaped basal cells as well as a few neuroendocrine cells interspersed throughout.
Finally, there’s an inner ring of luminal columnar cells, which are within the lumen or center of the gland. Luminal cells secrete substances into the prostatic fluid, that make it slightly alkaline that give it nutrients which nourish the sperm and help it survive in the acidic environment of the vagina.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 20th Ed" McGraw Hill / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 8e" McGraw Hill (2019)
- "Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw Hill (2020)
- "Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia" Annual Review of Medicine (2016)
- "Post-micturition dribble in men: causes and treatment" Nursing Standard (2008)
- "Post-micturition dribble in men: causes and treatment" Nursing Standard (2008)
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