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Stress

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Summary of Stress

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Physiology

Nervous system

Anatomy and physiology

Nervous system anatomy and physiology

Neuron action potential

Cerebral circulation

Blood brain barrier

Cerebrospinal fluid

Ascending and descending spinal tracts

Somatic nervous system

Pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

Motor neurons and muscle spindles

Spinal cord reflexes

Sensory receptor function

Somatosensory receptors

Somatosensory pathways

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Adrenergic receptors

Parasympathetic nervous system

Cholinergic receptors

Enteric nervous system

Hypothalamus

Body temperature regulation (thermoregulation)

Hunger and satiety

Cerebellum

Basal ganglia

Basal ganglia: Direct and indirect pathway of movement

Higher order brain functions

High Yield Notes

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Figure 53.3 Lateral view of the left side of the brain showing the locations of Wernicke and Broca’s areas. These areas are responsible for language comprehension and production, respectively. EMOTION osms.it/emotion WHAT IS EMOTION? ▪ Conscious experience involving mental activity, pleasure/displeasure levels ▪ Associated with mood, motivation, behavior ▪ Involves experience, processing, behavior, psychological changes, behavioral changes EMOTIONAL RESPONSE ▪ Physiological response: arousal → heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure changes ▪ Behavioral response: facial expressions, body language ▪ Cognitive response: interpretation depends on past experience STRESS osms.it/stress WHAT IS STRESS? ▪ Body’s physical, mental, emotional response to change requiring adaptation ▪ Positive stress (eustress): motivation, alertness ▪ Negative stress (distress): decreased performance, anxiety ▪ Stress level severity: dependent on individual’s skills, abilities, coping mechanisms 462 OSMOSIS.ORG STRESSORS ▪ Biological elements, external stimuli, causal events ▫ Environment: uncomfortable temperature, loud noises ▫ Daily events: losing keys, forgetting items ▫ Work/academic events: assignments, time management ▫ Social events: family-, friend-, societyrelated demands

Stress

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