Croup

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Croup

Respiratory Exam 1

Respiratory Exam 1

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review

Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review

Pleural effusion

Lung volumes and capacities

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs

Anatomy of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree

Bronchioles and alveoli histology

Trachea and bronchi histology

Anatomic and physiologic dead space

Alveolar surface tension and surfactant

Alveolar gas equation

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Chronic bronchitis

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Pulmonary embolism

Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review

Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review

Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review

Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists

Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines

Restrictive lung diseases

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Reading a chest X-ray

Compliance of lungs and chest wall

Regulation of pulmonary blood flow

Ventilation-perfusion ratios and V/Q mismatch

Zones of pulmonary blood flow

Airflow, pressure, and resistance

Diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited gas exchange

Gas exchange in the lungs, blood and tissues

Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Oxygen binding capacity and oxygen content

Carbon dioxide transport in blood

Upper respiratory tract infection

Bacterial epiglottitis

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Bacterial tracheitis

Pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary edema

Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Acid-base disturbances: Pathology review

Pulmonary shunts

Pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

Methemoglobinemia

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review

Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness

Pulmonary changes during exercise

Breathing control

Goodpasture syndrome

Key Takeaways

Croup is a viral respiratory infection most common in young children, usually caused by the parainfluenza virus. It results in the inflammation of the larynx and trachea, which leads to a characteristic barking cough, hoarseness of voice, and inspiratory stridor. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but can need an x-ray for confirmation. When done, X-rays show a steeple sign, which is subglottic narrowing.