Chronic kidney disease Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 48-year-old man presents to the primary care clinic for a follow-up appointment. The patient was last seen in the clinic six months ago and has not followed up since then. Past medical history is significant for chronic hepatitis B virus infection, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure with an ejection fraction of 45%. Current medications include carvedilol and lactulose. Temperature is 37.0 ºC (98.6 ºF), pulse is 84/min, and blood pressure is 152/91 mmHg. Physical exam is significant for 3+ bilateral lower extremity edema. Serum creatinine is 3.17 mg/dL (was 2.0 mg/dL six months ago) and albumin is 3.0 g/dL. In-office dipstick urinalysis shows 3+ proteinuria. 24-hour urine protein shows protein of 3.9 g/24 hours. Which of the following additional findings is most likely to be present?  

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