Diabetic retinopathy Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 58-year-old woman presents to her ophthalmologist for evaluation of decreased visual acuity. She states her vision in both eyes has been worsening over the past six months. The patient has a history of poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitals are within normal limits. Fundoscopic examination reveals bilateral retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, and angiogenesis circumferential to the retina in both eyes. Which of the following growth factors is responsible for these fundoscopic features?  

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