Esophageal perforation Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset severe retrosternal chest pain and difficulty swallowing. The pain began abruptly two hours ago after he swallowed a tough piece of steak. He describes the pain as severe, sharp, retrosternal, and worse with swallowing. He has no fever, chills, or shortness of breath. He has a history of diabetes, for which he takes metformin, and hypertension, for which he takes atenolol. He has a history of Zenker diverticulum. He underwent thoracic surgery for a lung nodule five years ago. Temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), blood pressure is 135/85 mmHg, pulse is 95/min, respiratory rate is 18/min, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Physical examination reveals a distended neck with crepitus over the chest with palpation. Chest X-ray is shown below. Which of the following is the biggest risk factor for this patient’s underlying condition?
 
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