Heart failure Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 66-year-old man comes to the office due to ankle swelling and abdominal discomfort for the past three weeks. He also has shortness of breath and wheezing on exertion, but he denies orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Patient history is significant for a 50 pack-year smoking history, and he drinks approximately 7-8 units of alcohol per week. His temperature is 37.2°C (98.9° F), pulse is 75/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg. Physical examination shows 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities, tenderness of the right upper quadrant, and prominent jugular veins. Cardiac examination shows a loud pulmonic component of S2 (P2) on auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's symptoms?  

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