Hepatocellular carcinoma Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 63-year-old man presents to the primary care clinic to establish care. He has not seen a physician in five years. One year ago, he was hospitalized for an ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) due to cerebral atherosclerotic disease. During that hospitalization he was also diagnosed with alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Current medication includeaspirin and atorvastatin. Since the CVA, the patient has not consumed alcohol. He drinks four cups of coffee per day and smokes one pack of cigarettes every three days. He was previously vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Vital signs are within normal limits. On physical examination, the patient appears fatigued. Examination of the eyes reveals scleral icterus. The abdomen is distended and slightly firm with no fluid waves. Trace bipedal edema is present. Which of the following is the strongest risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in this patient? 

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