Hypertension Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 60-year-old man comes to the physician office due decreased vision, progressive fatigue and swelling around the ankles for the past 4 weeks. Medical history is significant for myocardial infarction 2 years ago, diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. Current medications include aspirin, captopril, metformin and lovastatin. Temperature is 36.4°C (97.5°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 144/90 mmHg.  Physical examination shows 2+ edema around the ankles bilaterally. Fundoscopic examination reveals retinal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, and flame-shaped hemorrhages. Laboratories studies are shown: 




Which of the following is likely responsible for this patient’s eye examination findings?

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