Mitral stenosis Quiz: Ace Your Exams
Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!
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A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency department for evaluation of severe shortness of breath for the past few hours. Last night, he awoke gasping for air while lying flat in bed. He has had difficulty catching his breath this morning. At baseline, he can walk halfway down his driveway before stopping to catch his breath but has never experienced shortness of breath while at rest. He has a past medical history significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and he had rheumatic fever as a child. His current medications include glipizide and metformin. Temperature is 37.2ºC (99.0ºF), pulse is 90/min, respiratory rate is 20/min, blood pressure is 94/62 mmHg, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. On physical examination, the patient appears uncomfortable. Cardiac auscultation reveals an irregularly irregular rhythm and a diastolic rumble with a loud S1. Crackles are heard at both lung bases bilaterally. There is 2+ pitting edema bilaterally up to the mid-tibia, and the skin is cool and clammy to the touch. Which of the following medications should be prescribed now?
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