Sjogren syndrome Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 52-year-old woman comes to the PA complaining of pain during sexual intercouse for the last 2 months. She also has difficulty swallowing food, especially bread and crackers, and she needs to chew food for longer periods of time before swallowing it. The patient has no significant past medical history. Temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 73/min, and blood pressure is 138/76 mmHg. Physical examination reveals diffuse, nontender enlargement of the parotid glands bilaterally. Oropharyngeal examination reveals multiple new dental caries and halitosis. Ophthalmologic examination reveals 20/40 visual acuity in both eyes. Laboratory studies reveal the following findings:  

Laboratory value  Result Reference Range 
Hemoglobin  10.2 g/dL  12-6 g/dL 
 Hematocrit  31%  36-46% 
 Platelet count  350,000/mm3  150,000-400,000/mm3 
 Leukocyte count  3,000/mm3  4,500-11,000/mm3 
 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate  52 mm/h  0-20 mm/h 
 Antinuclear antibodies   Positive  Negative 
 Rheumatoid factor  Negative  Negative 
 Anti-dsDNA  Negative  Negative 
 Anti-Ro/La (anti-SSA/SSB) Positive  Negative 

If this patient remains untreated, which of the following is she at increased risk of developing?  

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