Valvular heart disease Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 50-year-old man comes to the emergency department for evaluation of progressive lethargy, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain for three days. The shortness of breath began suddenly while watching TV. His medical history includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and a thirty pack-year smoking history. Temperature is 38.2°C (100.76° F), pulse is 115/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 130/60 mm Hg. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distention, right upper quadrant tenderness, and +2 peripheral edema. The lungs are clear to auscultation. The left calf is swollen and tender to palpation when compared to the right calf. Which of the following findings is most likely to be found on cardiac auscultation?

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Holosystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border radiating to the axilla

Opening snap followed by a diastolic murmur over the left lower sternal border

Systolic ejection murmur over the right sternal border

Continuous murmur over the left infraclavicular area

Holosystolic murmur over the 4th left intercostal space