Altering cardiac and vascular function curves

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Altering cardiac and vascular function curves

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Anatomy of the inferior mediastinum
Bones and joints of the thoracic wall
Vessels and nerves of the thoracic wall
Anatomy of the pleura
Anatomy of the heart
Anatomy of the superior mediastinum
Introduction to the cardiovascular system
Muscles of the thoracic wall
Anatomy of the coronary circulation
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands
Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
Coronary circulation
Blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance
Compliance of blood vessels
Laminar flow and Reynolds number
Pressures in the cardiovascular system
Resistance to blood flow
Microcirculation and Starling forces
Measuring cardiac output (Fick principle)
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output
Cardiac contractility
Frank-Starling relationship
Cardiac preload
Cardiac afterload
Law of Laplace
Cardiac and vascular function curves
Altering cardiac and vascular function curves
Cardiac cycle
Pressure-volume loops
Changes in pressure-volume loops
Physiological changes during exercise
Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
Cardiovascular changes during postural change
Normal heart sounds
Abnormal heart sounds
Renal system anatomy and physiology
Respiratory system anatomy and physiology
Development of the cardiovascular system
Development of the renal system
Development of the respiratory system
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Innervation of the abdominal viscera
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists
Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists
Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)
Muscarinic antagonists
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Lymphatic system anatomy and physiology
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Cardiac conduction velocity
Cardiac conduction system
ECG normal sinus rhythm
ECG basics
ECG intervals
Action potentials in pacemaker cells
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Phosphate, calcium and magnesium homeostasis
Antidiuretic hormone
Adrenergic receptors
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic receptors
Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Arteriole, venule and capillary histology
Artery and vein histology
Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts
Anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Anatomy of the larynx and trachea
Nasal cavity and larynx histology
Kidney histology
Acid-base disturbances: Pathology review
Acid-base map and compensatory mechanisms
Buffering and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Physiologic pH and buffers
Plasma anion gap
Body fluid compartments
Movement of water between body compartments
Glomerular filtration
Measuring renal plasma flow and renal blood flow
Regulation of renal blood flow
Renal clearance
TF/Px ratio and TF/Pinulin
Potassium homeostasis
Sodium homeostasis
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Urea recycling
Anatomy of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree
Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs
Bronchioles and alveoli histology
Trachea and bronchi histology
Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary hypertension
Alveolar gas equation
Breathing cycle
Diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited gas exchange
Reading a chest X-ray
Alveolar surface tension and surfactant
Combined pressure-volume curves for the lung and chest wall
Carbon dioxide transport in blood
Oxygen binding capacity and oxygen content
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Lung volumes and capacities
Anatomic and physiologic dead space
Regulation of pulmonary blood flow
Ventilation
Zones of pulmonary blood flow

Flashcards

Altering cardiac and vascular function curves

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Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

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A study participant’s cardiac output increases after he begins running on a treadmill. Which of the following physiological changes is most likely responsible for increased cardiac output?  

Key Takeaways

The cardiac function curve refers to the cardiac output as a function of right atrial pressure, whereas the vascular function curve refers to venous return as a function of right atrial pressure. The two curves intersect at the value where the cardiac output and venous return are equal.

Altering cardiac and vascular functions can be done through several different methods. One common method is through the use of medications known as vasodilators. These drugs work to relax the muscles in the walls of blood vessels, which allows them to widen and results in improved blood flow. Another approach is by surgically altering the structure of the heart or arteries. This can be done for a variety of purposes, such as to treat coronary heart disease or to improve blood flow to organs that have been damaged by injury or disease. There are many other ways in which cardiac and vascular function can be altered, and the best approach depends on the specific situation.