Pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
Pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
Physiology Review
Physiology Review
Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
Lymphatic system anatomy and physiology
Normal heart sounds
Abnormal heart sounds
Blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance
Resistance to blood flow
Laminar flow and Reynolds number
Compliance of blood vessels
Pressures in the cardiovascular system
Physiological changes during exercise
Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
Cardiovascular changes during postural change
Measuring cardiac output (Fick principle)
Cardiac and vascular function curves
Altering cardiac and vascular function curves
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output
Frank-Starling relationship
Pressure-volume loops
Changes in pressure-volume loops
Cardiac work
Cardiac preload
Cardiac afterload
Law of Laplace
Baroreceptors
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Chemoreceptors
Cardiac conduction system
Action potentials in pacemaker cells
Action potentials in myocytes
Cardiac conduction velocity
Excitability and refractory periods
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Cardiac contractility
ECG basics
ECG normal sinus rhythm
ECG rate and rhythm
ECG intervals
ECG axis
ECG QRS transition
ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement
ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia
Cerebral circulation
Coronary circulation
Control of blood flow circulation
Microcirculation and Starling forces
Human development days 4-7
Hedgehog signaling pathway
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts
Growth hormone and somatostatin
Antidiuretic hormone
Synthesis of adrenocortical hormones
Cortisol
Vestibulo-ocular reflex and nystagmus
Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal hormones
Bile secretion and enterohepatic circulation
Jaundice: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction and motor unit
Sliding filament model of muscle contraction
Slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers
Muscle contraction
Basal ganglia: Direct and indirect pathway of movement
Body fluid compartments
Renal clearance
Glomerular filtration
TF/Px ratio and TF/Pinulin
Measuring renal plasma flow and renal blood flow
Regulation of renal blood flow
Tubular reabsorption and secretion
Tubular secretion of PAH
Tubular reabsorption of glucose
Urea recycling
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Sodium homeostasis
Potassium homeostasis
Phosphate, calcium and magnesium homeostasis
Osmoregulation
Kidney countercurrent multiplication
Vitamin D
Erythropoietin
Physiologic pH and buffers
Buffering and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
The role of the kidney in acid-base balance
Acid-base map and compensatory mechanisms
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Plasma anion gap
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Lung volumes and capacities
Anatomic and physiologic dead space
Alveolar surface tension and surfactant
Compliance of lungs and chest wall
Combined pressure-volume curves for the lung and chest wall
Ventilation
Zones of pulmonary blood flow
Regulation of pulmonary blood flow
Pulmonary shunts
Ventilation-perfusion ratios and V/Q mismatch
Breathing cycle
Airflow, pressure, and resistance
Diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited gas exchange
Alveolar gas equation
Oxygen binding capacity and oxygen content
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Carbon dioxide transport in blood
Breathing control
Pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness
Pulmonary changes during exercise
Key Takeaways
Pulmonary chemoreceptors are specialized sensory cells located in the medulla, the aortic and carotid bodies, which detect changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood. There are also pulmonary mechanoreceptors, which are specialized sensory cells located in the lungs and the airway smooth muscles. They respond to changes in lung stretch or pressure. Both the pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors work together to help maintain proper gas exchange and lung function during exercise and other activities that can alter the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.