Spinal cord reflexes

4,634views

Spinal cord reflexes

H+N

H+N

Bones of the cranium

Anatomy of the cranial base

Anatomy of the orbit

Anatomy of the eye

Anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Anatomy of the oral cavity

Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication

Muscles of the face and scalp

Anatomy of the salivary glands

Nerves and vessels of the face and scalp

Anatomy of the tongue

Anatomy of the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) fossa

Anatomy of the cranial meninges and dural venous sinuses

Anatomy of the inner ear

Anatomy of the cerebral cortex

Anatomy of the cerebellum

Anatomy of the brainstem

Anatomy of the basal ganglia

Anatomy of the blood supply to the brain

Nervous system anatomy and physiology

Anatomy of the white matter tracts

Anatomy of the limbic system

Introduction to the cranial nerves

Cranial nerve pathways

Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves

Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves

Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Anatomy of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Anatomy of the spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves

Anatomy of the vagus nerve (CN X)

Bones of the neck

Superficial structures of the neck: Posterior triangle

Superficial structures of the neck: Cervical plexus

Superficial structures of the neck: Anterior triangle

Deep structures of the neck: Prevertebral muscles

Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

Anatomy of the larynx and trachea

Anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus

Anatomy of the lymphatics of the neck

Deep structures of the neck: Root of the neck

Fascia and spaces of the neck

Eye and ear histology

Nasal cavity and larynx histology

Thyroid and parathyroid gland histology

Anatomy and physiology of the eye

Optic pathways and visual fields

Anatomy and physiology of the ear

Auditory transduction and pathways

Vestibular transduction

Vestibulo-ocular reflex and nystagmus

Olfactory transduction and pathways

Taste and the tongue

Thyroid hormones

Phosphate, calcium and magnesium homeostasis

Parathyroid hormone

Color blindness

Cortical blindness

Homonymous hemianopsia

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Retinal detachment

Age-related macular degeneration

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinopathy of prematurity

Periorbital cellulitis

Orbital cellulitis

Hordeolum (stye)

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Conductive hearing loss

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Tympanic membrane perforation

Aphthous ulcers

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Zenker diverticulum

Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses

Esophageal cancer

Bacterial epiglottitis

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review

Vertigo: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review

Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review

Antihistamines for allergies

Acid reducing medications

Hyperthyroidism medications

Hypothyroidism medications

Central nervous system histology

Peripheral nervous system histology

Neuron action potential

Cerebral circulation

Blood brain barrier

Cerebrospinal fluid

Ascending and descending spinal tracts

Pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Spinal cord reflexes

Sensory receptor function

Somatosensory receptors

Somatosensory pathways

Sympathetic nervous system

Adrenergic receptors

Parasympathetic nervous system

Cholinergic receptors

Enteric nervous system

Basal ganglia: Direct and indirect pathway of movement

Body temperature regulation (thermoregulation)

Hunger and satiety

Chiari malformation

Dandy-Walker malformation

Tethered spinal cord syndrome

Aqueductal stenosis

Septo-optic dysplasia

Spinocerebellar ataxia (NORD)

Transient ischemic attack

Ischemic stroke

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Epidural hematoma

Subdural hematoma

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Saccular aneurysm

Arteriovenous malformation

Wernicke aphasia

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Concussion and traumatic brain injury

Shaken baby syndrome

Seizures and epilepsy

Febrile seizure

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (NORD)

Tension headache

Cluster headache

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Trigeminal neuralgia

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Alzheimer disease

Vascular dementia

Frontotemporal dementia

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Essential tremor

Restless legs syndrome

Parkinson disease

Huntington disease

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (NORD)

Multiple sclerosis

Central pontine myelinolysis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Transverse myelitis

JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)

Adult brain tumors

Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)

Pituitary adenoma

Pediatric brain tumors

Brain herniation

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Friedreich ataxia

Neurogenic bladder

Neonatal meningitis

Epidural abscess

Congenital neurological disorders: Pathology review

Headaches: Pathology review

Seizures: Pathology review

Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review

Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review

Spinal cord disorders: Pathology review

Dementia: Pathology review

Central nervous system infections: Pathology review

Movement disorders: Pathology review

Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review

Demyelinating disorders: Pathology review

Adult brain tumors: Pathology review

Pediatric brain tumors: Pathology review

Neurocutaneous disorders: Pathology review

Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists

Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)

Muscarinic antagonists

Sympathomimetics: Direct agonists

Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists

Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic

Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers

Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers

Migraine medications

General anesthetics

Local anesthetics

Neuromuscular blockers

Anti-parkinson medications

Medications for neurodegenerative diseases

Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists

Opioid antagonists

Anatomy clinical correlates: Spinal cord pathways

Flashcards

Spinal cord reflexes

0 of 20 complete

Key Takeaways

Spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary, and predictable responses to specific stimuli that are mediated by the spinal cord without requiring input from the brain. They occur as automatic, involuntary responses to stimuli generated within the nervous system. Spinal cord reflexes follow a neuronal circuit called the reflex arc. The reflex arc involves the sensory receptors, the sensory afferent nerves, the interneurons in the spinal cord, and the motor neurons.