Osmosis video - Nephritic and nephrotic syndromes: Clinical

Nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome are two distinct kidney disorders that can have similar symptoms, but they have different causes and require different approaches. Nephritic syndrome is characterized by inflammation that damages the glomerular basement membrane, leading to hematuria and red blood cell casts in the urine, peripheral and periorbital edema, arterial hypertension due to salt retention, and oliguria.

On a 24-hour urine collection, nephritic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria that is generally under 3.5 grams per day. Nephritic syndrome can be caused by various conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and inherited kidney disorders. It is usually treated with medications to control inflammation and blood pressure, as well as to prevent further damage to the kidneys.

Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the glomeruli are damaged and are unable to properly retain proteins in the blood. This can lead to protein in the urine, low protein levels in the blood, and swelling. Loss of proteins in nephrotic syndrome can result in swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, and other parts of the body, as well as an increased risk of infections and blood clots. In nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria will exceed 3.5 grams per 24 hours, as opposed to nephritic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by various conditions, including kidney diseases, diabetes, and lupus. It is usually treated with medications to control the underlying cause.