Osmosis video - Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot, or TOF, is a congenital disorder characterized by four heart abnormalities. There is stenosis in the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and aortic override of the septal defect. These four defects cause oxygen-poor blood to flow from the right ventricle into the aorta, rather than being pumped to the lungs, which results in cyanosis. TOF is diagnosed with patient examination and health ultrasound, and treatment involves cardiac surgical repair, usually in the first year of life.