Calabresi P. Diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis. Am Fam Physician. 2004;70(10):1935-1944. Accessed December 4, 2020. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1115/p1935.html
Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021.
de Carvalho M, Swash M. Upper and lower motor neuron neurophysiology and motor control. Handb Clin Neurol. 2023;195:17-29. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-98818-6.00018-2
Florman JE, Duffau H, Rughani AI. Lower motor neuron findings after upper motor neuron injury: insights from postoperative supplementary motor area syndrome. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:85. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00085
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Fact Sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Accessed December 4, 2020. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet
What is ALS? ALS Association. Accessed December 4, 2020. https://www.als.org/understanding-als/what-is-als