Babesia

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Babesia

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Pharmacokinetics: Drug absorption and distribution

Pharmacokinetics: Drug metabolism

Pharmacokinetics: Drug elimination and clearance

Pharmacodynamics: Drug-receptor interactions

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Adrenergic receptors

Cholinergic receptors

Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists

Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)

Muscarinic antagonists

Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists

Opioid antagonists

Sympathomimetics: Direct agonists

Nervous system anatomy and physiology

Anatomy and physiology of the eye

Anatomy and physiology of the ear

Neuron action potential

Anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system

Body fluid compartments

Movement of water between body compartments

Renal clearance

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)

Streptococcus viridans

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)

Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)

Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)

Listeria monocytogenes

Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)

Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)

Actinomyces israelii

Escherichia coli

Salmonella (non-typhoidal)

Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bartonella henselae (Cat-scratch disease and Bacillary angiomatosis)

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

Yersinia enterocolitica

Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)

Serratia marcescens

Bacteroides fragilis

Yersinia pestis (Plague)

Helicobacter pylori

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)

Campylobacter jejuni

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

Bordetella pertussis (Whooping cough)

Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)

Pasteurella multocida

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)

Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species

Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)

Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)

Herpes simplex virus

Cytomegalovirus

Varicella zoster virus

Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)

Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)

Hepatitis D virus

Human papillomavirus

Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)

JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)

BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)

Viral hepatitis: Clinical

Influenza virus

Respiratory syncytial virus

Human parainfluenza viruses

West Nile virus

Yellow fever virus

Hepatitis C virus

Viral hepatitis: Pathology review

Human T-lymphotropic virus

Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Prions (Spongiform encephalopathy)

Coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis

Aspergillus fumigatus

Cryptococcus neoformans

Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystis pneumonia)

Sporothrix schenckii

Malassezia (Tinea versicolor and Seborrhoeic dermatitis)

Plasmodium species (Malaria)

Giardia lamblia

Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)

Cryptosporidium

Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)

Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)

Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)

Trypanosoma brucei

Trichomonas vaginalis

Strongyloides stercoralis

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides

Trichinella spiralis

Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis)

Angiostrongylus (Eosinophilic meningitis)

Onchocerca volvulus (River blindness)

Wuchereria bancrofti (Lymphatic filariasis)

Loa loa (Eye worm)

Toxocara canis (Visceral larva migrans)

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)

Diphyllobothrium latum

Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid disease)

Clonorchis sinensis

Paragonimus westermani

Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)

Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (Lice)

Sensitivity and specificity

Positive and negative predictive value

Test precision and accuracy

Incidence and prevalence

Relative and absolute risk

Attributable risk (AR)

Mortality rates and case-fatality

Direct standardization

Indirect standardization

Cross sectional study

Case-control study

Randomized control trial

Placebo effect and masking

Disease causality

Information bias

Modes of infectious disease transmission

Outbreak investigations

Disease surveillance

Vaccination and herd immunity

Pelvic inflammatory disease

DiGeorge syndrome

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Chronic granulomatous disease

Key Takeaways

Babesia is a parasitic protozoan that's known to cause babesiosis in humans. Babesia is spread by the bite of an infected Ixodes tick, the same tick that also transmits Borrelia burgdorferi. Babesiosis causes a form of parasitic, hemolytic disease. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, body aches, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, babesiosis can lead to serious health complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, splenic rupture, and death.