Blood brain barrier
Blood brain barrier
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Bones of the cranium
Anatomy of the cranial base
Introduction to the cranial nerves
Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Development of the nervous system
Central nervous system histology
Peripheral nervous system histology
Nervous system anatomy and physiology
Neuron action potential
Cerebral circulation
Blood brain barrier
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cranial nerves
Ascending and descending spinal tracts
Motor cortex
Pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts
Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
Spinal cord reflexes
Sensory receptor function
Somatosensory receptors
Somatosensory pathways
Sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic receptors
Parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic receptors
Enteric nervous system
Body temperature regulation (thermoregulation)
Hunger and satiety
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia: Direct and indirect pathway of movement
Memory
Sleep
Consciousness
Learning
Stress
Language
Emotion
Attention
Anatomy of the orbit
Anatomy of the eye
Development of the ear
Development of the eye
Eye and ear histology
Anatomy and physiology of the eye
Photoreception
Optic pathways and visual fields
Anatomy and physiology of the ear
Auditory transduction and pathways
Vestibular transduction
Vestibulo-ocular reflex and nystagmus
Olfactory transduction and pathways
Taste and the tongue
Thyroid hormones
Phosphate, calcium and magnesium homeostasis
Parathyroid hormone
Vitamin D
Calcitonin
Color blindness
Cortical blindness
Hemianopsia
Homonymous hemianopsia
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Age-related macular degeneration
Diabetic retinopathy
Corneal ulcer
Retinoblastoma
Retinopathy of prematurity
Periorbital cellulitis
Uveitis
Keratitis
Orbital cellulitis
Hordeolum (stye)
Conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Conductive hearing loss
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Tympanic membrane perforation
Otitis externa
Otitis media
Vertigo
Meniere disease
Labyrinthitis
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)
Key Takeaways
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the brain, in order to protect it from harmful substances. The BBB is composed of endothelial cells that line the vasculature of the brain and are connected by tight junctions, which prevent compounds from passing freely between them. The BBB selectively allows molecules such as oxygen and glucose to cross into the brain, while preventing toxins and other foreign substances from entering. Damage or dysfunction of the BBB can allow harmful substances to enter the brain and lead to inflammation and neurological damage.