Diffuse esophageal spasm
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Diffuse esophageal spasm
GI Phase 2
GI Phase 2
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pyloric stenosis
Sialadenitis
Parotitis
Oral candidiasis
Ludwig angina
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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Warthin tumor
Barrett esophagus
Achalasia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Boerhaave syndrome
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Zenker diverticulum
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Esophageal cancer
Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)
Gastritis
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Lactose intolerance
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Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review
Esophageal disorders: Pathology review
GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review
Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review
Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review
Diverticular disease: Pathology review
Appendicitis: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review
Pancreatitis: Pathology review
Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review
Jaundice: Pathology review
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Cirrhosis: Pathology review
Laxatives and cathartics
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Key Takeaways
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a condition characterized by uncoordinated and erratic contractions of the muscles in the wall of the esophagus. These contractions prevent food and liquids from passing through the stomach and can cause chest pain, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and regurgitation. DES can mimic myocardial ischemia in that both cause retrosternal intense chest pain, and both are relieved with the administration of nitrates.