Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
MRCP revision
MRCP revision
Acute intermittent porphyria
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Sickle cell disease (NORD)
Alpha-thalassemia
Beta-thalassemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Immune thrombocytopenia
Polycythemia vera (NORD)
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antithrombin III deficiency
Factor V Leiden
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Hemophilia
Vitamin K deficiency
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Von Willebrand disease
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Myelofibrosis (NORD)
Acute leukemia
Chronic leukemia
Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Neuroblastoma
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Kallmann syndrome
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Carcinoid syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperprolactinemia
Pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
Delayed puberty
Premature ovarian failure
Constitutional growth delay
Growth hormone deficiency
Hypopituitarism
Hypoprolactinemia
Pituitary apoplexy
Sheehan syndrome
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Thyroid eye disease (NORD)
Thyroid storm
Toxic multinodular goiter
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Postpartum thyroiditis
Riedel thyroiditis
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
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Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Small bowel ischemia and infarction
Tropical sprue
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Benign liver tumors
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Juvenile polyposis syndrome
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Compartment syndrome
Ankylosing spondylitis
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Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)
Glaucoma
Amyloidosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (NORD)
Membranous nephropathy
Minimal change disease
Renal tubular acidosis
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
Non-urothelial bladder cancers
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Urinary incontinence
Renal cortical necrosis
Nephrotic syndromes: Pathology review
Renal tubular defects: Pathology review
Renal tubular acidosis: Pathology review
Cardiac preload
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Bacteroides fragilis
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Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Moraxella catarrhalis
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Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines
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Lichen planus
Psoriasis
Erythema multiforme
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Bullous pemphigoid
Acne vulgaris
Skin cancer
Key Takeaways
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired, life-threatening condition characterized by the destruction of red blood cells by the complement portion of the immune system.
This destructive process is a result of a defect in the formation of surface proteins on the red blood cell, which normally functions to inhibit such immune reactions. Common symptoms of PNH are fatigue due to anemia, abdominal pain, and thrombosis, which is the major cause of death. There can also be jaundice from the accumulation of bilirubin, and characteristic dark-colored urine.
The management of PNH involves drugs like eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of the complement system, anticoagulation therapy in case of thrombosis, blood transfusion, and supportive management as needed.