Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy
ETP Endocrine
ETP Endocrine
Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts
Endocrine system anatomy and physiology
Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Pancreas and spleen
Pituitary gland histology
Thyroid and parathyroid gland histology
Pancreas histology
Adrenal gland histology
Synthesis of adrenocortical hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Growth hormone and somatostatin
Hunger and satiety
Antidiuretic hormone
Thyroid hormones
Insulin
Insulins
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Cortisol
Testosterone
Estrogen and progesterone
Oxytocin and prolactin
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Vitamin D
Phosphate, calcium and magnesium homeostasis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal masses: Pathology review
Adrenal masses and tumors: Clinical
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Graves disease
Thyroid eye disease (NORD)
Toxic multinodular goiter
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism: Pathology review
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis: Clinical
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
Riedel thyroiditis
Thyroid storm
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Clinical
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Parathyroid conditions and calcium imbalance: Clinical
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Clinical
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Hypopituitarism: Pathology review
Hypopituitarism
Hyperpituitarism
Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary apoplexy
Pituitary tumors: Pathology review
Sheehan syndrome
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactinoma
Hypoprolactinemia
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Constitutional growth delay
Puberty and Tanner staging
Precocious puberty
Delayed puberty
Kallmann syndrome
Disorders of sex chromosomes: Pathology review
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Menstrual cycle
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Premature ovarian failure
Menopause
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (NORD)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Carcinoid syndrome
Neuroblastoma
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (NORD)
Hyperthyroidism medications
Hypothyroidism medications
Hypoglycemics: Insulin secretagogues
Miscellaneous hypoglycemics
Mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid antagonists
Adrenal hormone synthesis inhibitors
Flashcards
Diabetic retinopathy
0 of 11 complete
Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
0 of 3 complete
A 58-year-old woman presents to her ophthalmologist for evaluation of decreased visual acuity. She states her vision in both eyes has been worsening over the past six months. The patient has a history of poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitals are within normal limits. Fundoscopic examination reveals bilateral retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, and angiogenesis circumferential to the retina in both eyes. Which of the following growth factors is responsible for these fundoscopic features?
Key Takeaways
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the retina, the sensitive tissue at the back of the eye responsible for converting visual signals into impulses readable by the brain. Diabetic retinopathy can lead to bleeding in the eye, blurred vision, and eventually, vision loss.