Hereditary spherocytosis

6,305views

Hereditary spherocytosis

BIIC

BIIC

Anemia of chronic disease

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review

Megaloblastic anemia

Microcytic anemia: Pathology review

Beta-thalassemia

Alpha-thalassemia

Hereditary spherocytosis

Sickle cell disease (NORD)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis)

Coagulation (secondary hemostasis)

Role of Vitamin K in coagulation

Clot retraction and fibrinolysis

Anticoagulants: Heparin

Anticoagulants: Warfarin

Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors

Antithrombin III deficiency

Protein C deficiency

Vitamin K deficiency

Von Willebrand disease

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Immune thrombocytopenia

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Factor V Leiden

Protein S deficiency

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Antiplatelet medications

Hematopoietic medications

Polycythemia vera (NORD)

Essential thrombocythemia (NORD)

Blood groups and transfusions

Thymus histology

Spleen histology

Lymph node histology

Contracting the immune response and peripheral tolerance

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins

Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones

Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines

Blood products and transfusion: Clinical

Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)

Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

Yellow fever virus

West Nile virus

Plasmodium species (Malaria)

Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Chronic leukemia

Myelofibrosis (NORD)

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Lymphomas: Pathology review

Leukemias: Pathology review

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Immunodeficiencies: T-cell and B-cell disorders: Pathology review

Immunodeficiencies: Combined T-cell and B-cell disorders: Pathology review

Giardia lamblia

Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)

Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)

Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)

Trypanosoma brucei

Strongyloides stercoralis

Wuchereria bancrofti (Lymphatic filariasis)

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole

Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review

Key Takeaways

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which red blood cells are sphere-shaped instead of having the normal biconcave shape. These abnormal red blood cells break down prematurely, which can lead to anemia. Also, because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in spherocytosis don't move through small blood cells efficiently as normal ones do, which can affect tissue oxygenation. People with hereditary spherocytosis can present with jaundice, splenomegaly, and features of anemia like pallor and fatigue.