Pulmonary changes during exercise
Pulmonary changes during exercise
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Introduction to the cardiovascular system
Bones and joints of the thoracic wall
Anatomy of the pleura
Anatomy of the superior mediastinum
Muscles of the thoracic wall
Anatomy of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree
Anatomy of the coronary circulation
Anatomy of the inferior mediastinum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Glycogen metabolism
Physiological changes during exercise
Citric acid cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid oxidation
Amino acid metabolism
Development of the cardiovascular system
Fetal circulation
Development of the respiratory system
Cardiac muscle histology
Arteriole, venule and capillary histology
Artery and vein histology
Blood histology
Bronchioles and alveoli histology
Trachea and bronchi histology
Deep vein thrombosis
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Iron deficiency anemia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary edema
Apnea of prematurity
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review
Cholinergic receptors
Muscarinic antagonists
Adrenergic receptors
Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic
Antihistamines for allergies
Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Cyanide poisoning
Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
Coronary circulation
Laminar flow and Reynolds number
Compliance of blood vessels
Pressures in the cardiovascular system
Resistance to blood flow
Control of blood flow circulation
Microcirculation and Starling forces
Measuring cardiac output (Fick principle)
Cardiac contractility
Cardiac preload
Law of Laplace
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output
Frank-Starling relationship
Cardiac afterload
Cardiac and vascular function curves
Altering cardiac and vascular function curves
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac work
Changes in pressure-volume loops
Pressure-volume loops
Normal heart sounds
Abnormal heart sounds
Action potentials in myocytes
Action potentials in pacemaker cells
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Excitability and refractory periods
Cardiac conduction system
Cardiac conduction velocity
ECG axis
ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia
ECG QRS transition
ECG rate and rhythm
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Blood components
Erythropoietin
Platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis)
Coagulation (secondary hemostasis)
Role of Vitamin K in coagulation
Clot retraction and fibrinolysis
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory system anatomy and physiology
Reading a chest X-ray
Lung volumes and capacities
Alveolar surface tension and surfactant
Combined pressure-volume curves for the lung and chest wall
Compliance of lungs and chest wall
Ventilation
Ventilation-perfusion ratios and V/Q mismatch
Regulation of pulmonary blood flow
Breathing cycle
Diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited gas exchange
Airflow, pressure, and resistance
Boyle's law
Henry's law
Alveolar gas equation
Gas exchange in the lungs, blood and tissues
Oxygen binding capacity and oxygen content
Carbon dioxide transport in blood
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Breathing control
Pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
Pulmonary changes during exercise
Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness
Anatomy of the larynx and trachea
Glycolysis
Hypertension
Hypotension
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
Arsenic poisoning
ECG intervals
ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement
Ketone body metabolism
Key Takeaways
During exercise, the body's demand for the oxygen needed in cellular respiration increases, and this requires the body to do some adjustments. The cardiac output and pulmonary blood flow increase, while the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. The result is an increased space of the lung that is perfused, which decreases physiologic dead space and increases oxygen delivery to exercising tissues. Furthermore, due to an increase in acid production and temperature, the hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases, which favors the delivery of oxygen to tissue in need.