Patient immobilization techniques: Rad Tech

Immobilization of patients during imaging procedures is a critical step in obtaining quality images. It’s a lot easier to take a picture of a cheetah lounging in a tree than when it’s sprinting! The same is true when producing diagnostic-quality radiologic images. The slightest movement can cause a blurred image and decrease the accuracy of the image. Likewise, improper positioning can reduce image clarity and diagnostic accuracy.

As a radiologic technologist, your goal is to obtain a diagnostic-quality image the first time. When an image must be repeated, the patient and healthcare team are exposed to additional radiation. Reducing repeat exposures is one of the key reasons why patient immobilization is so important.

Effective immobilization begins with proper positioning and clear communication. Before the procedure, introduce yourself and explain your role. Describe the examination in simple, easy-to-understand language, and emphasize how the patient's cooperation helps produce the best possible image. Taking time to answer questions and provide reassurance can help reduce anxiety and build rapport.

Patient comfort also plays an important role in preventing movement during an imaging examination. Patients who are uncomfortable are more likely to move during the examination, which can adversely affect image quality. Maintaining the patient's privacy and helping them achieve a comfortable position can make it easier for them to remain still throughout the procedure.

Okay, let’s discuss the routine immobilization devices that you’ll encounter as a radiologic technologist. These devices play an important role in reducing patient movement, improving positioning accuracy, and minimizing the need for repeat imaging.

Positioning sponges are one of the most commonly used immobilization devices. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes and are used to support the patient or the body part being examined. By reducing the physical effort required to maintain a position, sponges help patients remain still and make accurate positioning easier. They are commonly used for areas such as the hand, spine, and head.

Stability bars are found on most upright Bucky units, which are vertical, upright x-ray stands. They provide support for patients during upright examinations and help reduce swaying or loss of balance. During lateral chest imaging, the stability bar can also help position the arms out of the area of interest while providing additional steadiness for the patient.

Velcro straps help support patients who are unsteady during upright examinations or help maintain positions that can be difficult or uncomfortable for the patient to hold. For example, a Velcro strap can help maintain dorsiflexion of the ankle during an examination of the heel bone. During CT and MR imaging, Velcro straps are commonly used to reduce movement and help secure imaging coils in the correct position. In MR, all immobilization devices must be confirmed MR-safe or MR-conditional before use.