Osmosis video - Roseola (Exanthem subitum): Nursing

Roseola, also called exanthem subitum, or sixth disease, is a viral exanthem typically caused by human herpesvirus 6 or HHV-6, but can also be caused by other viral pathogens like human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). Children between 6 months and 2 years are most commonly affected by this condition.

Signs and symptoms start with the febrile phase which lasts about 3 to 5 days. This phase is characterized by a fever that can exceed 104 degrees F or 40 C, and general symptoms like cough, runny nose, swollen lymph nodes, malaise, diarrhea, and vomiting. Next comes the maculopapular phase, which involves small rose-colored macules and papules. These tend to appear on the neck and trunk and then spread to the face and extremities. The rash usually lasts 1 to 2 days.

Diagnosis of roseola is most commonly made through history and physical assessment along with measuring HHV-6-specific IgM antibodies. Treatment focuses on supportive therapies, while immunocompromised clients might require the administration of antivirals.