Video - Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine, specifically in the colon and rectum. The cause of the disease is believed to be autoimmune in origin, with cytotoxic T cells destroying the cells lining the walls of the large intestine, leaving behind eroded areas or ulcers. Environmental stimuli and genetic predisposition also play a role. Diagnosis typically requires colonoscopy and radiological imaging. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory medications, drugs that suppress the immune system, and biologic treatments. In severe cases, colectomy may be necessary.