Absorption Atelectasis

Absorption atelectasis refers to a loss of lung volume caused by the resorption of air within the alveoli, the small air sacs of the lungs. 

Absorption atelectasis occurs when small pockets of air remain trapped within non-ventilated alveoli. The oxygen and carbon dioxide within these alveoli are gradually reabsorbed into the pulmonary circulation, which causes the alveoli to collapse, and subsequently, collapse of a portion of the lung. 

Absorption atelectasis often happens due to a blockage of the airways between the alveoli and the trachea, the tube that carries air to and from the lungs. Common causes of airway obstruction include mucus plugs, foreign objects, or tumors, all of which prevent the entry of fresh air into the lungs. 

Respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath, coughing, or chest pain, may suggest atelectasis. However, not all cases will present with symptoms, and diagnosis generally requires confirmation by demonstrating signs of lung collapse in a chest X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) scan. 

Treatment of absorption atelectasis focuses on addressing any underlying causes. With postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, supportive measures include ensuring adequate pain control after the surgery and encouraging the individual to walk around as soon as possible, practice deep-breathing exercises, and cough to break down existing mucus plugs. In some individuals with poor oxygen saturation, mechanical ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, may be useful to reduce postoperative pulmonary atelectasis.