Diagnosis of respiratory infections caused by human metapneumovirus is based on the medical history and a physical exam. Although further testing is often not needed since the resultant infection is typically self-limiting, additional tests may help identify the source of infection. Diagnostic testing for hMPV by swabbing epithelial cells in the nasopharynx and looking for the presence of viral antigens can be completed. Alternatively, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be used to determine the specific virus causing the infection.
In most cases, symptoms of hMPV infection resolve without treatment after 2 to 5 days. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hMPV infection, and management generally involves rest, drinking plenty of water, and medications such as acetaminophen (i.e., paracetamol) or ibuprofen. In young children who develop bronchiolitis, treatment usually consists of supplemental oxygen and fluids to prevent dehydration.
Washing hands often, wearing face masks, and avoiding contact with people who are sick are some of the most effective strategies to prevent the spreading of respiratory infections. In addition, cleaning contaminated surfaces (e.g., doorknobs and shared objects) may help stop the spread of hMPV.