Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Oral Microbiology
Oral Microbiology
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
Gel electrophoresis and genetic testing
ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Karyotyping
DNA cloning
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Light microscopy and staining methods
Introduction to the immune system
Innate immune system
Complement system
T-cell development
B-cell development
MHC class I and MHC class II molecules
T-cell activation
B-cell activation, differentiation, and contraction
Cell-mediated immunity of CD4 cells
Cell-mediated immunity of natural killer and CD8 cells
Antibody classes
Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation
VDJ rearrangement
Contracting the immune response and peripheral tolerance
B- and T-cell memory
Anergy, exhaustion, and clonal deletion
Vaccinations
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Bacterial structure and functions
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus viridans
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)
Enterococcus
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)
Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Nocardia
Actinomyces israelii
Escherichia coli
Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Shigella
Proteus mirabilis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)
Serratia marcescens
Bacteroides fragilis
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
Helicobacter pylori
Campylobacter jejuni
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Bordetella pertussis (Whooping cough)
Brucella
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
Pasteurella multocida
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium avium complex (NORD)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)
Leptospira
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)
Viral structure and functions
Varicella zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Herpes simplex virus
Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)
Adenovirus
Parvovirus B19
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D virus
Human papillomavirus
Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)
BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)
JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Poliovirus
Coxsackievirus
Rhinovirus
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus
Influenza virus
Mumps virus
Measles virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Human parainfluenza viruses
Dengue virus
Yellow fever virus
Zika virus
Hepatitis C virus
West Nile virus
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Coronaviruses
HIV (AIDS)
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Ebola virus
Rabies virus
Rubella virus
Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Hantavirus
Prions (Spongiform encephalopathy)
Candida
Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Key Takeaways
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), also known as human herpes 5, is a double-stranded DNA virus. It is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, but can present with severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. It can cause retinitis, esophagitis, and retinitis pneumonia. On microscopic examination, infected cells can present with characteristic "owl eye" inclusion bodies. CMV is spread through body fluids such as saliva, urine, and sexual contact but can also be spread via transplanted organs.