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Human T-lymphotropic virus

Human T-lymphotropic virus

Virology

Introduction to viruses

Viral structure and functions

DNA viruses

Adenovirus
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
Herpes simplex virus
Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Varicella zoster virus
Human papillomavirus
Parvovirus B19
BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)
JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)

RNA viruses

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Hantavirus
Norovirus
Coronaviruses
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D virus
Ebola virus
Dengue virus
Hepatitis C virus
West Nile virus
Yellow fever virus
Zika virus
Influenza virus
Human parainfluenza viruses
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus
Coxsackievirus
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus
Rotavirus
HIV (AIDS)
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Rabies virus
Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus
Rubella virus

Prions and virioids

Prions (Spongiform encephalopathy)

Key Takeaways

Human T-Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a retrovirus that primarily infects T lymphocytes, which are white blood cells important in the immune system. It is spread through contact with infected body fluids, such as semen, blood, or breast milk. HTLV can cause serious health problems like cancers, such as adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma. HTLV is also associated with some neurologic disorders such as HTLV-1 �associated myelopathy.

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Flashcards

Human T-lymphotropic virus

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Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

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A 47-year-old woman comes to her physician for assessment of painless “swellings” over her body for the past several months. Additionally, she endorses abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, and cognitive slowing for several weeks. She recently immigrated from Japan last year, and this is her first visit with a physician in the United States. She has a remote history of intravenous drug use but does not currently use. Vitals are within normal limits. Physical examination reveals generalized lymphadenopathy. Splenomegaly is present. CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis reveals generalized diffuse lymph node enlargement and lytic bone lesions. Laboratory findings demonstrated below:  


HIV testing is negative. A peripheral blood smear shows lymphocytes with condensed chromatin and hyperlobulated nuclei. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient’s condition?