Orthotic and prosthetic devices

Supportive devices are used to strengthen, support, and protect parts of the body; while prosthetics are artificial devices meant to replace parts of the body.

Both play an important role in rehabilitating clients with disability, so they can achieve the highest level of function possible.

It’s important for you to recognize these and understand how they function as you may be asked to care for clients using these devices.

Let’s start with supportive, or orthotic devices, sometimes called orthoses. Often, people think orthotics only refer to shoe inserts that help with foot problems, but they include a wide variety of devices that support the numerous joints in the body.

The most diverse types are braces, which are worn around a joint to limit its movement, offer support, or reduce load on the joint.

Some, like prophylactic knee braces, are used to prevent injuries; others are used to relieve symptoms, like wrist braces that can help with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Some, like ankle or shoulder braces, are worn after surgery or injuries to help the joint remain in place during the healing process.

Support devices are also used to try and immobilize a joint, such as a soft or hard cervical collar. Splints are kind of like braces in that they also limit movement.

They are generally only used after an injury or surgery in the short term, while some braces can be worn indefinitely.

While orthotic devices provide support for existing body parts, prosthetics act as artificial replacements for them.

Some are functional, like a prosthetic leg, which can help the client walk; but others, like prosthetic eyes, are for cosmetic purposes only.

A specialist called a prosthetist will design and fit the prosthesis, but the rehabilitation process often involves other disciplines.

For example, physical therapists will help the client learn to walk with their new prosthetic leg, while occupational therapists can help them learn how to perform daily tasks with a prosthetic arm.

You could be responsible for caring for clients who have prosthetic equipment and supportive devices, so it is important to be familiar with how they are fitted and recognize how they can affect the client when used both properly and improperly.

You should be familiar with how to apply certain prosthetic devices, specifically wrist splints and neck collars. Wrist splints are often secured using a firm splint with bandages or velcro.

First, you want to expose the wrist and measure the splint appropriately to cover above and below it. Then, if using a firm slab, you want to use padding and firmly secure the splint in place making sure it’s tight but not painful or uncomfortable.